Crimes ambientais em animais selvagens: retrospectiva 2015 a 2019
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Data
2022-06-03
Autores
Pollo, Renan Lucas
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, percebeu-se uma concentração preocupante do Comércio Ilegal sobre a fauna brasileira, representando cerca de 15% do total movimentado no mundo. Em paralelo, o Tráfico de Animais, no Brasil, também ganhou terreno amplo e representa, hoje, o total de 15% dos valores movimentados internacionalmente. Com essas práticas ilícitas de exploração, são retiradas mais de 38 milhões de espécies dos seus habitats naturais anualmente. Fundada nessas premissas, foi desenvolvida a Teoria do Link, que conectou os crimes aos animais como balizas de identificação do cometimento futuro de crimes também contra as pessoas. A par disto, o presente trabalho busca contextualizar se os problemas crônicos, enfrentados transnacionalmente, confirmam-se de forma isolada, autônoma ou fragmentada nos municípios, como forma de antever o aumento da violência social local centrada nesta teoria. Assim, objetivou-se levantar dados de crimes ambientais em animais selvagens nas cidades de São Manuel e Botucatu, por meio de análises quali-quantitativas das ocorrências custodiadas na Polícia Ambiental de Botucatu entre 2015 à 2019, buscando identificar a prevalência, os tipos de crimes cometidos, a idade e o sexo dos autuados, o total de denúncias realizadas, o quantitativo de animais selvagens apreendidos e os projetos de educação ambiental realizados pela polícia na sociedade. Ao todo, foram analisados 680 registros para o estudo, identificando 18 artigos da legislação ambiental influentes. Concluiu-se que o masculino foi o sexo de maior incisão no cometimento dos crimes, com média de idade dos autuados em 53,55 anos para São Manuel e 51,88 anos para Botucatu. Na marca dos crimes mais ocorridos, em São Manuel prevaleceram os artigos: 36, 25, 44, 49, 53 e 50; em Botucatu, os artigos: 36, 25, 44, 49, 50 e 53. Sequenciada as prevalências, constatou-se pelas casuísticas, os mesmos problemas enfrentados nacionalmente. Desse modo, procurou-se reportar uma historiografia legislativa ambiental e animal de 1605 até 1990, aproximadamente, descrevendo conjuntamente sobre a proteção internacional dos animais, as formas de cooperação existentes para a conservação da Biodiversidade brasileira e como se posiciona o Direito Animal nas circunstâncias de proteção e conservação das espécies. No conteúdo complementar, realiza-se um estudo contundente do desmonte normativo realizado em 2019, e o atual cenário dos crimes envolvendo nossa fauna, fato que possibilitou estruturar formas (para quem?) e meios (de como?) se denunciar um crime ambiental quando envolvidos animais selvagens ou domésticos.
In recent years, there has been a worrying concentration of Illegal Commerce on Brazilian fauna, representing about 15% of the total handled in the world. At the same time, Animal Trafficking in Brazil has also gained wide ground and currently represents 15% of the amounts traded internationally. With these illicit exploitation practices, more than 38 million species are removed from their natural habitats annually. Based on these premises, the Link Theory was developed, which connected crimes to animals as beacons of identification of the future commission of crimes also against people. In addition, the present work seeks to contextualize whether the chronic problems, faced transnationally, are confirmed in an isolated, autonomous or fragmented way in the municipalities, as a way of anticipating the increase in local social violence centered on this theory. Thus, the objective was to collect data on environmental crimes in wild animals in the cities of São Manuel and Botucatu, through quali-quantitative analyzes of the occurrences held in the Botucatu Environmental Police between 2015 and 2019, seeking to identify the prevalence, types of crimes committed, the age and sex of those charged, the total number of complaints made, the number of wild animals seized and the environmental education projects carried out by the police in society. In all, 680 records were analyzed for the study, identifying 18 influential environmental legislation articles. It was concluded that males were the sex with the greatest impact on committing crimes, with a mean age of those charged at 53.55 years for São Manuel and 51.88 years for Botucatu. In terms of the most frequent crimes, in São Manuel the following articles prevailed: 36, 25, 44, 49, 53 and 50; in Botucatu, articles: 36, 25, 44, 49, 50 and 53. Sequencing the prevalence, the same problems faced nationally were found in the case series. In this way, we tried to report an environmental and animal legislative historiography from 1605 to 1990, approximately, describing together on the international protection of animals, the existing forms of cooperation for the conservation of Brazilian Biodiversity and how Animal Law is positioned in the circumstances of protection and conservation of species. In the complementary content, a strong study is carried out of the normative dismantling carried out in 2019, and the current scenario of crimes involving our fauna, a fact that made it possible to structure ways (for whom?) and means (how?) to denounce an environmental crime when wild or domestic animals involved.
In recent years, there has been a worrying concentration of Illegal Commerce on Brazilian fauna, representing about 15% of the total handled in the world. At the same time, Animal Trafficking in Brazil has also gained wide ground and currently represents 15% of the amounts traded internationally. With these illicit exploitation practices, more than 38 million species are removed from their natural habitats annually. Based on these premises, the Link Theory was developed, which connected crimes to animals as beacons of identification of the future commission of crimes also against people. In addition, the present work seeks to contextualize whether the chronic problems, faced transnationally, are confirmed in an isolated, autonomous or fragmented way in the municipalities, as a way of anticipating the increase in local social violence centered on this theory. Thus, the objective was to collect data on environmental crimes in wild animals in the cities of São Manuel and Botucatu, through quali-quantitative analyzes of the occurrences held in the Botucatu Environmental Police between 2015 and 2019, seeking to identify the prevalence, types of crimes committed, the age and sex of those charged, the total number of complaints made, the number of wild animals seized and the environmental education projects carried out by the police in society. In all, 680 records were analyzed for the study, identifying 18 influential environmental legislation articles. It was concluded that males were the sex with the greatest impact on committing crimes, with a mean age of those charged at 53.55 years for São Manuel and 51.88 years for Botucatu. In terms of the most frequent crimes, in São Manuel the following articles prevailed: 36, 25, 44, 49, 53 and 50; in Botucatu, articles: 36, 25, 44, 49, 50 and 53. Sequencing the prevalence, the same problems faced nationally were found in the case series. In this way, we tried to report an environmental and animal legislative historiography from 1605 to 1990, approximately, describing together on the international protection of animals, the existing forms of cooperation for the conservation of Brazilian Biodiversity and how Animal Law is positioned in the circumstances of protection and conservation of species. In the complementary content, a strong study is carried out of the normative dismantling carried out in 2019, and the current scenario of crimes involving our fauna, a fact that made it possible to structure ways (for whom?) and means (how?) to denounce an environmental crime when wild or domestic animals involved.
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Palavras-chave
Agressão, Animais do Brasil, Aumento da violência, Exploração sexual, Desmatamento, Homicídios rurais, Legislação ambiental, Violência animal, Violência doméstica, Aggression, Animals from Brazil, Increase in violence, Sexual exploitation, Logging, Rural homicides, Environmental legislation, Animal violence, Domestic violence, Crime comercial