Produção e acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura do jambu em função de doses e formas de parcelamentos de adubos orgânicos
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2022-04-26
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O jambu é uma hortaliça herbácea não convencional, no Estado de São Paulo o plantio é realizado especificamente no sistema orgânico, e com destino para a indústria cosmética e farmacêutica em função do composto bioativo chamado espilantol. Porém, na região ainda há poucas informações técnicas acerca de seu cultivo, principalmente quanto as suas exigências nutricionais. Nesse contexto, o manejo adequado dos adubos orgânicos, através do parcelamento e doses adequadas, além da redução de perdas, possibilita a eficiência no aproveitamento dos nutrientes pelas plantas. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o efeito da forma de aplicação (antes do plantio e em cobertura) e das doses dos adubos orgânicos farinha de casco e chifre e torta de mamona, na produção e no acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de jambu. Foram realizados quatro experimentos, sendo dois dos experimentos foram conduzidos na fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) - UNESP e os outros dois, no sítio do Produtor, ‘Estância Três Nascentes’, localizado em Botucatu-SP. Nos experimentos sobres formas de aplicação, foram avaliados sete tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 1, sendo dois adubos orgânicos (torta de mamona e farinha de casco e chifre) x 3 formas de aplicação (100% antes do plantio; 100% em cobertura; 50% antes do plantio + 50% em cobertura) e o controle sem estes adubos. Nos experimentos sobre doses, foram avaliados doze tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, sendo dois adubos orgânicos (torta de mamona e farinha de casco e chifre) x 6 doses de N em cobertura (50; 75; 100; 125; 150 e 0 kg ha-1 (controle)). O delineamento nos experimentos foram em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados, em cada local nos experimentos, a altura da planta, número de inflorescências (NInf), massa da matéria fresca das inflorescências (MMFInf), da parte vegetativa (MMFPV) e total (MMFTotal), massa da matéria seca e o acúmulo de macronutrientes (inflorescências, parte vegetiva e total). Os tratamentos controle foram inferiores para todas as características avaliadas nos experimentos. Foram obtidos aumentos (em comparação ao controle) de 81%, 83%, 168%, 83% e 95% na área em São Manuel, e 19% 42%, 316%, 56% e 67%, em Botucatu, para Altura, NInf, MMFInf, MMFPV e MMFTotal, respectivamente para as duas áreas. No experimento de doses em São Manuel, foram obtidos efeitos lineares para todas as características avaliadas, comparado ao controle, os aumentos com a utilização da maior dose (150 kg ha-1 de N) foram de 129%, 134% e 134% e 284%, 70% e 85% em Botucatu, para a MMSInf, MMSPV e MMStotal, respectivamente. A ordem decrescente no acúmulo de macronutrientes na área do Produtor, independente do adubo, para as inflorescências foi N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S, na parte vegetativa K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P e total foi K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P. Comparados ao controle, no experimento de doses na maior dose os aumentos foram de 216%, 310% e 233% em São Manuel e 111%, 272% e 121% em Botucatu, para a MMSPV, MMSInf e MMSTotal respectivamente para as duas áreas. A ordem decrescente no acúmulo de macronutrientes na parte vegetativa foi K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S, nas inflorescências foi K > N > S > Ca > Mg > P e para o acúmulo total foi K > N > Ca > S > P > Mg na Fazenda em São Manuel, e na parte vegetativa foi de K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, nas inflorescências N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S e para o acúmulo total foi de K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P na área do produtor em Botucatu.
Jambu is an unconventional herbaceous vegetable. In the State of São Paulo the planting is carried out specifically in the organic system, and destined for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due to the bioactive compound called spilanthol. However, in the region there is still little technical information about its cultivation, especially regarding its nutritional requirements. In this context, the proper management of organic fertilizers, through splitting and adequate doses, in addition to reducing losses, enables efficient use of nutrients by plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the form of application (before planting and top dressing) and the doses of organic fertilizers hoof and horn flour and castor bean cake, production and accumulation of macronutrients in jambu plants. Four experiments were carried out, two of which were carried out at the Experimental farm of São Manuel, SP, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FCA) - UNESP and the other two at the Producer's site, 'Estância Três Nascentes', located in Botucatu -SP. In experiments on ways toapplication, seven treatments were evaluated in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake and hoof and horn flour) x 3 application forms (100% before planting; 100% in dressing; 50% before planting + 50% dressing) and control without these fertilizers. In the dose experiments, fTwelve treatments were evaluated, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake and flour hoof and horn) x 6 doses of dressing (50; 75; 100; 125; 150 and 0 kg ha-1 (control)). The design of the experiments wasin randomized blocks, with four replications. Plant height, number of inflorescences (NI), inflorescence fresh matter (MIFM), vegetative (MVFM) and total (MTFM), dry matter mass and accumulation of macronutrients (inflorescences, vegetative and total parts). Control treatments were inferior for all traits evaluated in the experiments.Increases (compared to the control) of 81%, 83%, 168%, 83% and 95% were obtained in the area in São Manuel, and 19%, 42%, 316%, 56% and 67%, in Botucatu, for H, NI, MIFM, MVFM and MTFM, respectively for the two areas. In the dose experimentin São Manuel, linear effects were obtained for all the evaluated characteristics, compared to the control, the increases with the use of the highest dose (150 kg ha-1 of N) were 129%, 134% and 134% and 284%, 70% and 85% in Botucatu, for MISM, MVSM and MTSM, respectively.The decreasing order of macronutrient accumulation in the Producer's area, regardless of the fertilizer, for the inflorescences was N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S,in the vegetative part K > N > Ca > Mg > S > Pand total was K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P. Compared to the control, in the experiment of doses at the highest dose, the increases were 216%, 310% and 233% in São Manuel and 111%, 272% and 121% in Botucatu, for MMSPV, MMSInf and MMSTotal respectively for the two areas.The decreasing order of macronutrient accumulation in the vegetative part was K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S, in theinflorescences was K > N > S > Ca > Mg > P and for thetotal accumulation was K > N > Ca > S > P > Mg on the farm in São Manuel, and in the vegetative part it was K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, in the inflorescencesN > K > Ca > P > Mg > S and for the total accumulation was K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P in the producer area in Botucatu.
Jambu is an unconventional herbaceous vegetable. In the State of São Paulo the planting is carried out specifically in the organic system, and destined for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due to the bioactive compound called spilanthol. However, in the region there is still little technical information about its cultivation, especially regarding its nutritional requirements. In this context, the proper management of organic fertilizers, through splitting and adequate doses, in addition to reducing losses, enables efficient use of nutrients by plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the form of application (before planting and top dressing) and the doses of organic fertilizers hoof and horn flour and castor bean cake, production and accumulation of macronutrients in jambu plants. Four experiments were carried out, two of which were carried out at the Experimental farm of São Manuel, SP, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FCA) - UNESP and the other two at the Producer's site, 'Estância Três Nascentes', located in Botucatu -SP. In experiments on ways toapplication, seven treatments were evaluated in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake and hoof and horn flour) x 3 application forms (100% before planting; 100% in dressing; 50% before planting + 50% dressing) and control without these fertilizers. In the dose experiments, fTwelve treatments were evaluated, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, with two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake and flour hoof and horn) x 6 doses of dressing (50; 75; 100; 125; 150 and 0 kg ha-1 (control)). The design of the experiments wasin randomized blocks, with four replications. Plant height, number of inflorescences (NI), inflorescence fresh matter (MIFM), vegetative (MVFM) and total (MTFM), dry matter mass and accumulation of macronutrients (inflorescences, vegetative and total parts). Control treatments were inferior for all traits evaluated in the experiments.Increases (compared to the control) of 81%, 83%, 168%, 83% and 95% were obtained in the area in São Manuel, and 19%, 42%, 316%, 56% and 67%, in Botucatu, for H, NI, MIFM, MVFM and MTFM, respectively for the two areas. In the dose experimentin São Manuel, linear effects were obtained for all the evaluated characteristics, compared to the control, the increases with the use of the highest dose (150 kg ha-1 of N) were 129%, 134% and 134% and 284%, 70% and 85% in Botucatu, for MISM, MVSM and MTSM, respectively.The decreasing order of macronutrient accumulation in the Producer's area, regardless of the fertilizer, for the inflorescences was N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S,in the vegetative part K > N > Ca > Mg > S > Pand total was K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P. Compared to the control, in the experiment of doses at the highest dose, the increases were 216%, 310% and 233% in São Manuel and 111%, 272% and 121% in Botucatu, for MMSPV, MMSInf and MMSTotal respectively for the two areas.The decreasing order of macronutrient accumulation in the vegetative part was K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S, in theinflorescences was K > N > S > Ca > Mg > P and for thetotal accumulation was K > N > Ca > S > P > Mg on the farm in São Manuel, and in the vegetative part it was K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, in the inflorescencesN > K > Ca > P > Mg > S and for the total accumulation was K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P in the producer area in Botucatu.
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Palavras-chave
Acmella oleracea, Fontes de adubação, Nitrogênio, Farinha de casco e chifre, Torta de mamona, Fertilization sources, Nitrogen, Hoof and horn powder, Castor bean cake