Não há amanhã: o mal-estar em três romances de 30
Carregando...
Data
2022-05-23
Autores
Furtado, Pedro Barbosa Rudge [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo da tese é investigar a representação do mal-estar em três romances brasileiros da década de 1930. São eles: "Calunga", de Jorge de Lima, "São Bernardo", de Graciliano Ramos e "O amanuense Belmiro", de Cyro dos Anjos, publicados, respectivamente, em 1935, 1934 e 1937. Essas três narrativas, além de outras do mesmo decênio, figuram a construção de personagens solitárias vivendo a aporia existencial. A falta de vislumbre do futuro é suscitada por dois afetos principais que são movimentados, amiúde, pela crise de angústia: a melancolia e a nostalgia. Eles são estudados, para além dos sentimentos derivados desses afetos (como a culpa e o ressentimento do melancólico e a fantasia e o passadismo do nostálgico), com base, sobretudo, em concepções psicanalíticas e filosóficas encontradas, principalmente, em “Luto e melancolia”, de Sigmund Freud, "A tinta da melancolia", de Jean Starobinski, entre outros. No que tange à análise interpretativa das narrativas, baseamo-nos, especialmente, na noção de crítica integradora de Antonio Candido, formulada em "Literatura e sociedade", a fim de agregar, quando possível, tensões psicológicas, ontológicas e histórico-sociais irradiadas pelo texto. Em "Calunga", o mal-estar é engendrado pelos conflitos psíquicos do protagonista civilizador em choque com a rede histórico-social e cultural do outro. Tanto em "São Bernardo" quanto n’"O amanuense Belmiro", destacamos os antagonismos do mundo interior dos protagonistas em parcial contraste com os numerosos e importantes ensaios de crítica social sobre essas narrativas. No romance de Graciliano Ramos, mostramos como a autobiografia de Paulo Honório é construída pelo afeto melancólico e suas variações, em um infindável e doloroso processo de luto, negando, a si, a edificação do amanhã. No romance de Cyro dos Anjos, analisamos como a mente fantasista e nostálgica de Belmiro cria impasses insolúveis em relação à sua vivência, ou a falta dela, no tempo presente. A partir do exame da fortuna crítica dos três romances e do nosso embasamento teórico, apresentamos modulações diferentes da tristeza. Em comum, há sujeitos solitários que, segregados do corpo social, rejeitam o campo de possibilidades em um momento histórico de polarização política regido pelo novo, através do comunismo ou do fascismo.
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the malaise representation on three Brazilian novels from the 1930’s. These novels are: Jorge de Lima’s "Calunga", Graciliano Ramos’ "São Bernanrdo" and Cyro dos Anjos’ "O amanuense Belmiro", respectively published in 1935, 1934 and 1937. These three narratives, and others from the same decade, figure the construction of lonely characters living an existential aporia. The lack of a glimpse towards the future is aroused by two main affects that are strongly inducted by the anguish manifestation: melancholy and nostalgia. They are studied, beyond the feelings diverted from these affects (like the melancholic’s guilty and resentment and the nostalgic’s fantasy and veneration of the past), based especially on psychoanalytical and philosophical conceptions observed, mainly, in Sigmund Freud’s “Mourning and melancholia”, Jean Starobinski’s "A tinta da melancolia" among others. Regarding the interpretative analysis of the narratives, they are mainly supported by Antonio Candido’s idea, in "Literatura e sociedade", of an integrating criticism that aims to aggregate, when it is possible, ontological, social, historical and cultural tensions irradiated by the text. In "Calunga", the malaise is engendered by the psychological conflicts of the civilizing protagonist in shock with the historical, social and cultural point of view of the other. In "São Bernardo" and in "O amanuense Belmiro", the antagonisms of the inner world are highlighted in partial contrast with the numerous, and important, social critical essays on these narratives. In Graciliano Ramos’ novel, it is indicated how Paulo Honório’s autobiography is built by the melancholic affect and its variations on an endless and painful process of mourning, denying himself the edification of the future. In Cyro dos Anjos’ novel, it is studied how Belmiro’s fantasist and nostalgic mind creates irresolvable impasses related to his (lack of) actions in the present time. According to the exam of the critical fortune of the novels and to our theorical framework, three different modulations of sadness are presented. In common, the main characters of the narratives are lonely individuals that, segregated from the social body, reject the scope of possibilities in a historical moment of political polarization dominated by the ideologies of the new on the account of the communism and the fascism.
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the malaise representation on three Brazilian novels from the 1930’s. These novels are: Jorge de Lima’s "Calunga", Graciliano Ramos’ "São Bernanrdo" and Cyro dos Anjos’ "O amanuense Belmiro", respectively published in 1935, 1934 and 1937. These three narratives, and others from the same decade, figure the construction of lonely characters living an existential aporia. The lack of a glimpse towards the future is aroused by two main affects that are strongly inducted by the anguish manifestation: melancholy and nostalgia. They are studied, beyond the feelings diverted from these affects (like the melancholic’s guilty and resentment and the nostalgic’s fantasy and veneration of the past), based especially on psychoanalytical and philosophical conceptions observed, mainly, in Sigmund Freud’s “Mourning and melancholia”, Jean Starobinski’s "A tinta da melancolia" among others. Regarding the interpretative analysis of the narratives, they are mainly supported by Antonio Candido’s idea, in "Literatura e sociedade", of an integrating criticism that aims to aggregate, when it is possible, ontological, social, historical and cultural tensions irradiated by the text. In "Calunga", the malaise is engendered by the psychological conflicts of the civilizing protagonist in shock with the historical, social and cultural point of view of the other. In "São Bernardo" and in "O amanuense Belmiro", the antagonisms of the inner world are highlighted in partial contrast with the numerous, and important, social critical essays on these narratives. In Graciliano Ramos’ novel, it is indicated how Paulo Honório’s autobiography is built by the melancholic affect and its variations on an endless and painful process of mourning, denying himself the edification of the future. In Cyro dos Anjos’ novel, it is studied how Belmiro’s fantasist and nostalgic mind creates irresolvable impasses related to his (lack of) actions in the present time. According to the exam of the critical fortune of the novels and to our theorical framework, three different modulations of sadness are presented. In common, the main characters of the narratives are lonely individuals that, segregated from the social body, reject the scope of possibilities in a historical moment of political polarization dominated by the ideologies of the new on the account of the communism and the fascism.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Romance de 30, Mal-estar, "Calunga", "São Bernardo", "O amanuense Belmiro", 1930’s novel, Malaise