Influência de características da cadeira de rodas na experiência e preocupação com quedas
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Data
2022-05-27
Autores
Oliveira, Paula Conceição Rocha de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Eventos de desequilíbrio e quedas de usuários de cadeiras de rodas (CR) podem gerar consequências graves para a saúde do indivíduo. Atualmente o campo de estudo desses eventos engloba principalmente: os aspectos de estabilidade e preocupação do usuário, as configurações do equipamento e o suporte ambiental existente. Entretanto, a relação entre essas esferas ainda é pouco conhecida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de quedas e a preocupação com queda entre usuários de CR e os fatores relacionados a elas. Para isso, esse estudo busca elencar quais são as relações entre a configuração da CR mais utilizada na rotina do usuário, sua preocupação com queda e como as experiências da pior queda vivenciada podem influenciar a relação entre o indivíduo e sua CR. Para a obtenção dos dados, foi elaborado um questionário com fundamentação teórica proveniente da análise de pesquisas já realizadas acerca da temática, adaptando suas abordagens para a perspectiva do design da CR e da preocupação com queda do usuário. Esse questionário foi aplicado em uma amostra de conveniência de 52 usuários de CR, 69,23% do gênero masculino, com idade entre 21 e 64 anos (média de 44,27+10) e diagnóstico mais prevalente sendo o de lesão na medula espinhal (69,23%). A análise dos dados se deu por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Como resultado, obteve-se que a CR monobloco teve mais relatos de preocupação com queda em relação a outros modelos, a utilização de apoio de braço aparentou ter relação com insegurança durante transferências laterais, usuários masculinos e femininos aparentam ter diferentes percepções de segurança em relação a transferência, falhas da CR foram o fator de queda mais relatado e existe um aumento da preocupação do usuário com quedas após um acontecimento da mesma natureza. As conclusões apontam que aspectos da CR, como seu modelo, utilização de apoio de braço, de apoio de pé fixo ou móvel, da altura do encosto e do ajuste do eixo são fatores importantes para o projeto e prescrição desse dispositivo quando busca-se evitar quedas ou a preocupação com queda, principalmente quando se nota que esse acontecimento é frequente e gera mudanças na relação entre usuário, dispositivo e ambiente. Além desses aspectos levantados, para além do design da CR, acredita-se que exista necessidade de reformulação de espaços públicos, como calçadas e rampas, para fornecer segurança aos usuários de CR.
Events of imbalance and falls of wheelchair users can have serious consequences for the individual's health. Currently, the field of study of these events mainly encompasses: aspects of stability and user concern, equipment configurations and the environmental support. However, the relationship between these aspects is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of falls and the concern about falling among RC users and the factors related to them. This study seeks to list the relationships between the configuration of the wheelchair most used in the user's routine, their concern about falling and how the experiences of the worst fall experienced could influence the relationship between the individual and their wheelchair. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was prepared with a theoretical basis from a survey of studies already carried out on the subject, adapting its approaches to the perspective of wheelchairs design and the user's concern about falling. This questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample of 52 users, 69.23% were male, between 21 and 64 years old (mean 44.27+10) and the most prevalent diagnosis was spinal cord injury (69.23%). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. As a result, it was found that wheelchair with rigid frame had more reports of concern about falling compared to other models, the use of armrests seemed to be related to insecurity in lateral transfers, male and female users seem to have different perceptions of safety in transference with support, wheelchair failures was the most reported fall factor and resulted in an increase in user concern about falls. The conclusions are that aspects of the wheelchair, such as its model, use of armrest, fixed or mobile footrest, backrest height and axis adjustment are important factors to the design and prescription of this device when seeking to avoid falls or the concern of falling, especially when it is noticed that this event is frequent and generates changes in the relationship between user, device and environment. In addition to these aspects raised, in addition to the design of the wheelchair, it is believed that there is a need to reformulate public spaces, such as sidewalks and ramps, to provide safety to wheelchair users.
Events of imbalance and falls of wheelchair users can have serious consequences for the individual's health. Currently, the field of study of these events mainly encompasses: aspects of stability and user concern, equipment configurations and the environmental support. However, the relationship between these aspects is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of falls and the concern about falling among RC users and the factors related to them. This study seeks to list the relationships between the configuration of the wheelchair most used in the user's routine, their concern about falling and how the experiences of the worst fall experienced could influence the relationship between the individual and their wheelchair. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was prepared with a theoretical basis from a survey of studies already carried out on the subject, adapting its approaches to the perspective of wheelchairs design and the user's concern about falling. This questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample of 52 users, 69.23% were male, between 21 and 64 years old (mean 44.27+10) and the most prevalent diagnosis was spinal cord injury (69.23%). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. As a result, it was found that wheelchair with rigid frame had more reports of concern about falling compared to other models, the use of armrests seemed to be related to insecurity in lateral transfers, male and female users seem to have different perceptions of safety in transference with support, wheelchair failures was the most reported fall factor and resulted in an increase in user concern about falls. The conclusions are that aspects of the wheelchair, such as its model, use of armrest, fixed or mobile footrest, backrest height and axis adjustment are important factors to the design and prescription of this device when seeking to avoid falls or the concern of falling, especially when it is noticed that this event is frequent and generates changes in the relationship between user, device and environment. In addition to these aspects raised, in addition to the design of the wheelchair, it is believed that there is a need to reformulate public spaces, such as sidewalks and ramps, to provide safety to wheelchair users.
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Palavras-chave
Tecnologia assistiva, Cadeira de rodas, Quedas, Preocupação do usuário, Equipamentos de autoajuda para deficientes, Quedas (Acidentes), Cadeiras para deficientes físicos, Assistive technology, Wheelchair, Falls, User perception