Avaliação da cobertura florestal das áreas de proteção ambiental dos assentamentos rurais da região geográfica imediata (RGI) de Andradina - SP
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Data
2022-04-28
Autores
Paz, Diego Oliveira da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo visou analisar os possíveis impactos ambientais da Política Nacional de Reforma Agrária (PNRA), na Região Geográfica Imediata (RGI) de Andradina, a partir de dados do meio físico e da percepção os assentados. Para isso, foi levantada a condição de conservação das Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA) dos 36 assentamentos rurais existentes no território da RGI, com uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, tendo sido mapeados 693 fragmentos florestais (FF), nas APA dos assentamentos. Os parâmetros de análise foram a porcentagem de cobertura florestal das APA e a fragilidade dos FF com o uso do Índice de Circularidade (IC). Os resultados apontaram que 78,32% das APA se encontram conservadas, estando dentro dos parâmetros aceitáveis pela legislação ambiental, e 57% da cobertura florestal é formada por fragmentos florestais de dimensões superiores à 100 hectares, porém com valores de IC inferiores à 0,6, o que indica uma condição de maior fragilidade aos efeitos de borda advindos da matriz, sendo importante a adoção de ações para o amortecimento de processos de perturbação e/ou degradação que possam incidir sobre os mesmos. Também foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com aplicação de questionário, junto aos agricultores familiares que possuem lotes confrontantes com as áreas de APA estudadas, com objetivo de caracterizar os seus sistemas de produção e compreender como os beneficiários da PNRA se relacionam com os remanescentes florestais vizinhos às suas unidades de produção. Os resultados obtidos em campo permitiram verificar que o sistema de produção dos assentados é pautado em práticas convencionais, com baixa adesão à agroecologia, mas com menor intensidade na utilização de insumos e máquinas, o que resulta em um menor impacto ambiental. De forma predominante, os assentados consideram benéfica a proximidade de fragmentos florestais de suas unidades de produção e a relacionam com a conservação e disponibilidade de água e, por fim, avaliam, em sua maioria, que a legislação ambiental deveria ser mais rigorosa, mas no sentido de que sua aplicação recaia sobre todos de forma isonômica. Destarte, em um panorama geral, evidenciou-se que os projetos de assentamentos contribuíram para conservação dos habitats naturais, embora sejam necessárias ações mais efetivas para evitar o uso inadequado de parte das áreas de proteção ambiental, em alguns assentamentos rurais da RGI de Andradina.
The present study aimed to analyze the possible environmental impacts of the National Agrarian Reform Policy (PNRA), in the Immediate Geographical Region (RGI) of Andradina, based on data from the environment and the perception of the settlers. For this purpose, the conservation condition of the Environmental Protection Areas (APA) of the 36 rural settlements existing in the RGI territory was identified, using remote sensing techniques, and 693 forest fragments (FF) were mapped in the APA of the settlements. The analysis parameters were the percentage of forest cover of the APA and the fragility of the FF using the Circularity Index (CI). The results pointed out that 78.32% of the APA are conserved, being within the acceptable parameters by the environmental legislation, and 57% of the forest cover is formed by forest fragments with dimensions greater than 100 hectares, but with CI values lower than 0.6, which indicates a condition of greater fragility to edge effects arising from the matrix, and it is important to adopt actions to dampen disturbance and/or degradation processes that may affect them. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out, with the application of a questionnaire, with family farmers who have area facing the APA studied, aiming to characterize their production systems and understand how the PNRA beneficiaries relate to the forest remnants neighboring their production units. The results obtained in the field made it possible to verify that the production system of the settlers is based on conventional practices, with low adherence to agroecology, but with less intensity in the use of inputs and machinery, which results in a lower environmental impact. Predominantly, the settlers consider the proximity of forest fragments to their production units beneficial and relate it to the conservation and availability of water and, finally, most of them believe that the environmental legislation should be more rigorous, but that its application falls on everyone in an isonomic way. Thus, in a general panorama, it was evidenced that the settlement projects contributed to the conservation of natural habitats, although more effective actions are needed to avoid the inappropriate use of the environmental protection areas in some rural settlements of the RGI de Andradina.
The present study aimed to analyze the possible environmental impacts of the National Agrarian Reform Policy (PNRA), in the Immediate Geographical Region (RGI) of Andradina, based on data from the environment and the perception of the settlers. For this purpose, the conservation condition of the Environmental Protection Areas (APA) of the 36 rural settlements existing in the RGI territory was identified, using remote sensing techniques, and 693 forest fragments (FF) were mapped in the APA of the settlements. The analysis parameters were the percentage of forest cover of the APA and the fragility of the FF using the Circularity Index (CI). The results pointed out that 78.32% of the APA are conserved, being within the acceptable parameters by the environmental legislation, and 57% of the forest cover is formed by forest fragments with dimensions greater than 100 hectares, but with CI values lower than 0.6, which indicates a condition of greater fragility to edge effects arising from the matrix, and it is important to adopt actions to dampen disturbance and/or degradation processes that may affect them. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out, with the application of a questionnaire, with family farmers who have area facing the APA studied, aiming to characterize their production systems and understand how the PNRA beneficiaries relate to the forest remnants neighboring their production units. The results obtained in the field made it possible to verify that the production system of the settlers is based on conventional practices, with low adherence to agroecology, but with less intensity in the use of inputs and machinery, which results in a lower environmental impact. Predominantly, the settlers consider the proximity of forest fragments to their production units beneficial and relate it to the conservation and availability of water and, finally, most of them believe that the environmental legislation should be more rigorous, but that its application falls on everyone in an isonomic way. Thus, in a general panorama, it was evidenced that the settlement projects contributed to the conservation of natural habitats, although more effective actions are needed to avoid the inappropriate use of the environmental protection areas in some rural settlements of the RGI de Andradina.
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Palavras-chave
Cobertura florestal, Índice de circularidade, Percepção ambiental, Áreas de reforma agrária, Agricultura familiar, Forest coverage, Circularity index, Environmental perception, Areas of agrarian reform, Family farming