Análise multicritério da turbina hidráulica ideal para usinas hidroelétricas de baixa queda
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Data
2019-11-27
Autores
Granato, Marcos Paulo Fernandes
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo de seleção de turbinas hidráulicas é parte crítica em usinas hidrelétricas de baixa
queda, pois existem muitas opções aplicáveis e uma escolha equivocada pode inviabilizar todo
o projeto devido ao baixo retorno energético e financeiro. No cenário brasileiro, é possível
observar que existe um interesse comercial e acadêmico, que visa definir uma metodologia
capaz de alinhar as características de uma futura usina hidrelétrica a fim de determinar a turbina
ideal para o projeto. Logo, com o intuito de atender estes objetivos, fora aplicado um estudo a
respeito de usinas hidrelétricas para descrever a problemática com os devidos critérios e enfim
propor uma análise multicritério, conhecida como AHP, visando indicar a turbina ideal. Para
tal foram avaliadas 3 opções de turbinas para a usina modelo de Santo Antônio de Jari. Uma
das alternativas proposta na análise é a própria turbina que de fato está aplicada na hidrelétrica
de Jari para método de comparação. Desta forma, após todos os cálculos, foi possível aferir que
o método AHP é capaz de complementar as equações fluidodinâmicas a fim de indicar a turbina
ideal para o caso estudado, pois a resposta sugerida pelo AHP foi justamente a turbina em
funcionamento na usina de Jari, embora não fosse uma escolha trivial. Portanto, vê-se que estas
análises trabalhadas vão de encontro com as necessidades do mercado atual e servem como um
bom embasamento para a inserção desta metodologia ao processo atual de determinação da
turbina hidráulica ideal
The process of selecting hydraulic turbines is a critical part of low drop hydropower plants as there are many applicable options and a wrong choice can make the whole project unfeasible due to the low energy and financial return. In the Brazilian scenario, it is possible to observe that there is a commercial and academic interest, which aims to define a methodology capable of aligning the characteristics of a future hydroelectric plant in order to determine the ideal turbine for each project. Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives, a study on hydroelectric plants was applied to describe the problem with the proper criteria and then propose a multicriteria analysis, known as AHP, aiming to indicate the ideal turbine. For this case, 3 turbine options were evaluated for the Santo Antônio de Jari model plant. One of the alternatives proposed in the analysis is the turbine that is actually applied in the Jari dam for comparison method. Thus, after all calculations, it was possible to verify that the AHP method is able to complement the fluid dynamics in order to indicate the ideal turbine for the case studied, because the answer suggested by the AHP method was precisely the turbine in operation at the Jari plant, although it was not a trivial choice. Therefore, it is clear that these worked analyzes meet the needs of the current market and serve as a good basis for the insertion of this methodology to the current process of determination of the ideal hydraulic turbine
The process of selecting hydraulic turbines is a critical part of low drop hydropower plants as there are many applicable options and a wrong choice can make the whole project unfeasible due to the low energy and financial return. In the Brazilian scenario, it is possible to observe that there is a commercial and academic interest, which aims to define a methodology capable of aligning the characteristics of a future hydroelectric plant in order to determine the ideal turbine for each project. Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives, a study on hydroelectric plants was applied to describe the problem with the proper criteria and then propose a multicriteria analysis, known as AHP, aiming to indicate the ideal turbine. For this case, 3 turbine options were evaluated for the Santo Antônio de Jari model plant. One of the alternatives proposed in the analysis is the turbine that is actually applied in the Jari dam for comparison method. Thus, after all calculations, it was possible to verify that the AHP method is able to complement the fluid dynamics in order to indicate the ideal turbine for the case studied, because the answer suggested by the AHP method was precisely the turbine in operation at the Jari plant, although it was not a trivial choice. Therefore, it is clear that these worked analyzes meet the needs of the current market and serve as a good basis for the insertion of this methodology to the current process of determination of the ideal hydraulic turbine
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Turbinas hidráulicas, Baixa queda, Análise multicritério, Usinas hidrelétricas, Hydraulic turbines, Low drop, Multicriteria analysis, Hydroelectric plants, Usinas hidrelétricas, Processo decisório por critério múltiplo