Projeto para reuso de águas cinzas em uma residência unifamiliar
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Data
2019-12-03
Autores
Busico, Rodrigo de Mattos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A água é um recurso natural essencial para a manutenção da vida terrestre. Embora estudos
indiquem que o Brasil possua a maior reserva de água doce do mundo, com 12% do total
disponível, alguns municípios brasileiros ainda enfrentam problemas de abastecimento
público em períodos de estiagem. Para amenizar os problemas gerados pela falta d’água,
torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas de reuso de águas residuárias, prática já
adotada por países desenvolvidos. No Brasil, até o momento, não existe legislação específica
para reuso de águas, e essa prática vem sendo balizada pela norma NBR 13.969/97, que
estabelece classes e parâmetros de qualidade de águas de reuso para atividades que não
exijam potabilidade, como irrigação, lavagem de pisos e automóveis e em descargas
sanitárias. Neste cenário, este trabalho teve como objetivo projetar um modelo de sistema de
reuso de águas cinzas para uma residência unifamiliar com três usuários, considerando os
tratamentos disponíveis e os padrões de qualidade da água para usos não potáveis e gerar
informações que possam subsidiar as políticas públicas na normatização dessa prática. No
projeto verificou-se que, utilizando equipamentos economizadores de água, a geração diária
de águas cinzas pela lavadora de roupas, chuveiro, lavatório e pia de cozinha para lavagem de
hortaliças e frutas foi de 9,7 m3
, que transformadas em águas de reuso, reduzirá em 51% o
volume de água consumido mensalmente e, como consequência, a tarifa cobrada pelo serviço
de saneamento municipal de Guaratinguetá será 55% menor. A implantação do sistema de
reuso de águas na residência, com consumo médio mensal de 19 m3
, foi orçado em R$
2.204,16 e contou com equipamentos e materiais de baixo custo e disponíveis no mercado e
teve um tempo de retorno do investimento estimado em 54 meses, cerca de 4,5 anos. Além da
redução do consumo de água e do rápido retorno econômico, os benefícios ambientais dessa
prática são imensuráveis e contribuem para o uso sustentável dos recursos hídricos
Water is an essential natural resource for terrestrial life maintenance. Although studies indicate that Brazil has the largest freshwater reserve in world, with 12% of the total available, some Brazilian municipalities still face public supply problems during drought periods. To alleviate the problems caused by the water lack, it is necessary to develop wastewater reuse techniques, a practice already adopted by developed countries. In Brazil, to date, there isn’t specific legislation for water reuse, and this practice has been guided by the norm NBR 13969/97, which establishes reuse water quality classes and parameters for activities that do not require potability, such as irrigation, car and floor washing and sanitary flush. In this scenario, this study aimed to design a model of gray water reuse system for a three-user single-family residence, considering available treatments and water quality standards for non-potable uses and to generate information that can support public policies in standardization of this practice. In the project it was found that using water-saving equipment, the daily generation of gray water by the washing machine, shower, washbasin and kitchen sink for washing vegetables and fruits was 9.7 m3 , which turned into reused waters, will reduce by 51% the volume of water consumed monthly and as a consequence the rate charged by the Guaratinguetá municipal sanitation service will be 55% lower. The implementation of water reuse system in residence, with a monthly average consumption of 19 m3 , was budgeted at R$ 2,204.16 and had low cost equipment and materials available on the market and had a payback of 54 months, about 4.5 years. In addition to reducing water consumption and rapid economic returns, the environmental benefits of this practice are immeasurable and contribute to the sustainable use of water resources
Water is an essential natural resource for terrestrial life maintenance. Although studies indicate that Brazil has the largest freshwater reserve in world, with 12% of the total available, some Brazilian municipalities still face public supply problems during drought periods. To alleviate the problems caused by the water lack, it is necessary to develop wastewater reuse techniques, a practice already adopted by developed countries. In Brazil, to date, there isn’t specific legislation for water reuse, and this practice has been guided by the norm NBR 13969/97, which establishes reuse water quality classes and parameters for activities that do not require potability, such as irrigation, car and floor washing and sanitary flush. In this scenario, this study aimed to design a model of gray water reuse system for a three-user single-family residence, considering available treatments and water quality standards for non-potable uses and to generate information that can support public policies in standardization of this practice. In the project it was found that using water-saving equipment, the daily generation of gray water by the washing machine, shower, washbasin and kitchen sink for washing vegetables and fruits was 9.7 m3 , which turned into reused waters, will reduce by 51% the volume of water consumed monthly and as a consequence the rate charged by the Guaratinguetá municipal sanitation service will be 55% lower. The implementation of water reuse system in residence, with a monthly average consumption of 19 m3 , was budgeted at R$ 2,204.16 and had low cost equipment and materials available on the market and had a payback of 54 months, about 4.5 years. In addition to reducing water consumption and rapid economic returns, the environmental benefits of this practice are immeasurable and contribute to the sustainable use of water resources
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Recursos hídricos, Saneamento ambiental, Tratamento de águas, Sustentabilidade, Water resources, Environmental sanitation, Water treatment, Sustainability