Análise da viabilidade técnica do uso de resíduos sólidos em concreto
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Data
2021-02-03
Autores
Guedes, Pedro Henrique Fonseca
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O concreto é o material de construção civil mais utilizado em todo o mundo e com o
crescimento populacional e a urbanização acelerada promoveram um aumento de obras de
infraestrutura urbana e um maior consumo de recursos naturais para a produção de materiais
utilizados em obras de construção civil, em especial, de concreto. Neste contexto, tornou-se
imprescindível o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre materiais alternativos com potencial
de substituição dos recursos naturais utilizados na produção de concreto, visando reduzir os
impactos ambientais e o custo das obras. O objetivo deste trabalho de graduação foi compilar
os resultados fornecidos pela literatura técnica e científica, para gerar informações sobre a
viabilidade técnica do uso de diferentes resíduos sólidos como componentes alternativos na
fabricação de concreto, utilizando como referência, as normas brasileiras estabelecidas para
agregados e concreto. Os resultados analisados indicaram que raspas de pneus podem
substituir até 10% da areia natural, sem comprometer as propriedades mecânicas do concreto,
podendo ser usado para pavimentação de rodovias, construção de meio fio e calçadas. A
substituição de areia por 25% de pó de pedra, no traço 1:3,5, aumentou a resistência mecânica
do concreto, podendo ser usado para confecção de blocos de concreto, em asfalto e em
concreto compactado. Resíduos de PET podem substituir a areia natural em até 10% na
confecção de concreto com relação água/cimento de 0,45, utilizado em obras sem função
estrutural para tráfego de pedestres e veículos leves. A cinza de bagaço de cana de açúcar
pode ser utilizada como suplemento ao cimento por apresentar características pozolânicas e
substituindo a areia em 30% a 50%, sem causar alterações na resistência à compressão e à
tração, na absorção de água por imersão, na capilaridade e no índice de vazios do concreto,
sendo usada em lajes, baldrames e pilares (para 25 Mpa) e em pisos e calçadas (para 20 Mpa).
Os agregados reciclados de RCD podem substituir em 50% os agregados naturais em
concreto sem função estrutural, para peças de drenagem e em blocos de concreto. Esta prática
pode trazer benefícios ambientais, pela redução do consumo de recursos naturais e pelo
aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos, bem como, sociais pela geração de empregos
relacionados à reciclagem de resíduos, além da diminuição dos custos de obras e, dessa
forma, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para a economia circular
The concrete is the most used material in the civil construction and with the population growth and the accelerated urbanization promoted an increase in the constructions of the urban infrastructure and a bigger consume of the natural resources for the production of materials used in concrete constructions. In this context, it becamed essential the development of research about alternatives materials with the potential of full or parcial replacement of the natural resources used in the production of concrete, aiming to reduce the environmental impacts caused for the costs of the constructions. The goal of this graduation work was to compile the results provided for the technique and scentific literature, to gerente informations about the technique viability of the use of differents solids wastess as an alternative components in the fabrication of concrete, using as reference, the brazilian technique standards settled down for concrete and aggregates. The analyseds results indicate that shaving of tires in concentrations of 10% as a substitute of natural sand, without compromised the mechanics properties of concrete, can be used for the pavimentation of road, construction of curb and sidewalk. The substitution of sand for 25% of grit, in the trace 1:3,5, rised the the mechanics resistant of concrete and can be used for the confection of blocks of concrete, in asphalt and in compacted concrete. The waste of PET can substitute the natural sand in 10% in the confection of concrete with a relation water/cement of 0,45 used in constructions without estrutural function for people and lights vehicles traffic. The sugar cane bagace can be used as suplemente for the concrete to present pozolanics propresties and replacing the sand in 30% to 50%, without caused consistentes alterations in the compressive and traction strenght, in the water absorption by immersion and capillarity and in the void index, being used in slabs, buckets and pillars (for 25Mpa) and in floord and sidewalks (for 20Mpa). The recycled aggregates can replace in 50% the natural aggregates in the production of concrete without estrutural function, for drain parts and concrete blocks. This practice may bring great benefits, for the reduction of the consumed of naturals resources and for the utilization of solid waste, as well as new Jobs with the recycling of the waste, decrease with the costs of the constructions and, thus, contribute with the sustainable development and to movement the economy
The concrete is the most used material in the civil construction and with the population growth and the accelerated urbanization promoted an increase in the constructions of the urban infrastructure and a bigger consume of the natural resources for the production of materials used in concrete constructions. In this context, it becamed essential the development of research about alternatives materials with the potential of full or parcial replacement of the natural resources used in the production of concrete, aiming to reduce the environmental impacts caused for the costs of the constructions. The goal of this graduation work was to compile the results provided for the technique and scentific literature, to gerente informations about the technique viability of the use of differents solids wastess as an alternative components in the fabrication of concrete, using as reference, the brazilian technique standards settled down for concrete and aggregates. The analyseds results indicate that shaving of tires in concentrations of 10% as a substitute of natural sand, without compromised the mechanics properties of concrete, can be used for the pavimentation of road, construction of curb and sidewalk. The substitution of sand for 25% of grit, in the trace 1:3,5, rised the the mechanics resistant of concrete and can be used for the confection of blocks of concrete, in asphalt and in compacted concrete. The waste of PET can substitute the natural sand in 10% in the confection of concrete with a relation water/cement of 0,45 used in constructions without estrutural function for people and lights vehicles traffic. The sugar cane bagace can be used as suplemente for the concrete to present pozolanics propresties and replacing the sand in 30% to 50%, without caused consistentes alterations in the compressive and traction strenght, in the water absorption by immersion and capillarity and in the void index, being used in slabs, buckets and pillars (for 25Mpa) and in floord and sidewalks (for 20Mpa). The recycled aggregates can replace in 50% the natural aggregates in the production of concrete without estrutural function, for drain parts and concrete blocks. This practice may bring great benefits, for the reduction of the consumed of naturals resources and for the utilization of solid waste, as well as new Jobs with the recycling of the waste, decrease with the costs of the constructions and, thus, contribute with the sustainable development and to movement the economy
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Construção sustentável, Reciclagem de resíduos sólidos, Materiais de construção civil, Sustainable construction, Recycle of solid waste, Civil construction materials, Resíduos sólidos, Materiais de construção, Sustentabilidade