Ação educativa sobre prevenção e primeiros socorros de acidentes de engasgo na educação infantil
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Data
2022-03-11
Autores
Carolino, Roseli
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), política dos Ministérios da Educação e da Saúde, sugere trabalhar nas escolas com a temática da prevenção dos acidentes infantis, que causam elevada morbimortalidade. O engasgo justifica atuação preventiva, amparada por Lei Federal, e também de primeiros socorros, com profissionais da Educação Infantil, entretanto trabalhos desta natureza são escassos. Este estudo, que é parte de pesquisa mais abrangente aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, teve como objetivos elaborar, aplicar e avaliar ação educativa sobre prevenção e primeiros socorros de acidentes de engasgo com profissionais da Educação Infantil. Foi realizado em um município de, aproximadamente, 240 mil habitantes do interior do Estado de São Paulo, envolvendo três escolas de Educação Infantil. Participaram 54 profissionais atuantes nas escolas. Utilizou-se uma boneca bebê para simulação de procedimentos de desengasgo, cadeira de alimentação de bebê, Termos de Consentimento e diversos materiais pré-elaborados. Os procedimentos de elaboração fundamentaram-se na literatura, no levantamento de ocorrências de acidentes de engasgo nas escolas e estudo piloto; os de aplicação envolveram realização da ação educativa nas três escolas, em horário estabelecido por elas, aplicando questionários antes e após a ação educativa com todos os participantes e realizando filmagem de alguns participantes durante a ação e após 30 dias; os de avaliação incluíram análises exploratórias e comparativas das respostas aos questionários pré e pós-ação educativa, utilizando o software IBM-SPSS Statistics, e dos comportamentos emitidos nas filmagens. Como resultados, em relação ao objetivo de concretização da ação educativa, elaboraram-se planejamentos de ensino, roteiros e checklists da ação educativa, folheto sobre primeiros socorros, relato de situação fictícia de engasgo, roteiro de análise de filmagem, questionários pré e pós-ação educativa e ficha de registro de ocorrência de engasgo na escola; identificou-se um registro de engasgo em uma escola e realizou-se estudo piloto, o qual indicou adequação dos materiais e procedimentos. Como resultados, em relação ao objetivo de aplicação, realizou-se a ação educativa nas três escolas, usando todos os materiais e impressos pré-elaborados, com todos os participantes respondendo aos questionários pré e pós-ação educativa e alguns sendo filmados no dia da ação e após 30 dias. Como resultados, em relação ao objetivo de avaliação da ação educativa: nos questionários, verificou-se tendência de aumento de respostas corretas, como no reconhecimento do acidente de engasgo, havendo significância estatística para os comportamentos emitidos pelo bebê em situação de engasgo; e nas filmagens, verificou-se tendência de manutenção de comportamentos corretos de prevenção e primeiros socorros de engasgo, em especial para o início precoce da manobra de desengasgo e o acionamento do serviço de emergência. Concluiu-se que os objetivos do estudo foram alcançados e os resultados foram positivos, sendo sugestiva sua continuidade e aprimoramentos. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas, com a inclusão de professores como multiplicadores dessa atividade, e discussões, tendo em vista tornar política pública a educação continuada de professores da educação infantil nas temáticas do presente estudo.
The School Health Program (PSE), a policy of the Ministries of Education and Health, suggests working in schools with the theme of preventing childhood accidents, which cause high morbidity and mortality. The choking justifies preventive action and, supported by Federal Law, also of first aid, with professionals of Early Childhood Education. However, works of this nature are scarce. This study, which is part of a broader research approved by the Research Ethics Committee, aimed to develop, apply and evaluate educational action on prevention and first aid of choking accidents with Early Childhood Education professionals. It was carried out in a municipality of approximately 240 thousand inhabitants in the interior of the State of São Paulo, involving three schools of Early Childhood Education. 54 professionals working in schools participated. A baby doll was used to simulate degassing procedures, a baby feeding chair, Terms of Consent and various pre-prepared materials. The elaboration procedures were based on the literature, on the survey of occurrences of choking accidents in schools and on a pilot study; the application ones involved carrying out the educational action in the three schools, at a time established by them, applying questionnaires before and after the educational action with all the participants and filming some participants during the action and after 30 days; the evaluation ones included exploratory and comparative analyzes of the answers to the questionnaires before and after the educational action, using the IBM-SPSS Statistics software, and of the behaviors emitted in the filming. As a result, in relation to the objective of elaborating the educational action, teaching plans, scripts and checklists of the educational action, leaflet on first aid, report of a fictitious choking situation, film analysis script, pre and post-action questionnaires were elaborated. educational and choking record form at school, a choking record was identified in a school and a pilot study was carried out, which indicated adequacy of materials and procedures. As a result, in relation to the objective of application, the educational action was carried out in the three schools, using all the materials and pre-prepared forms, with all the participants answering the questionnaires before and after the educational action and some being filmed on the day of the action. and after 30 days. As a result, in relation to the objective of evaluating the educational action, in the questionnaires there was a tendency to increase correct answers, as in the recognition of the choking accident, with statistical significance for the behaviors emitted by the baby in a choking situation and, in the filming , there was a tendency to maintain correct choking prevention and first aid behaviors, especially for the early start of the de-choking maneuver and the activation of the emergency service. It was concluded that the objectives of the study were achieved and the results were positive, being suggestive of its continuity and improvements. Further research was suggested, such as the inclusion of teachers as multipliers of this activity, and discussions with a view to making the continuing education of early childhood teachers public policy in the themes of the present study.
The School Health Program (PSE), a policy of the Ministries of Education and Health, suggests working in schools with the theme of preventing childhood accidents, which cause high morbidity and mortality. The choking justifies preventive action and, supported by Federal Law, also of first aid, with professionals of Early Childhood Education. However, works of this nature are scarce. This study, which is part of a broader research approved by the Research Ethics Committee, aimed to develop, apply and evaluate educational action on prevention and first aid of choking accidents with Early Childhood Education professionals. It was carried out in a municipality of approximately 240 thousand inhabitants in the interior of the State of São Paulo, involving three schools of Early Childhood Education. 54 professionals working in schools participated. A baby doll was used to simulate degassing procedures, a baby feeding chair, Terms of Consent and various pre-prepared materials. The elaboration procedures were based on the literature, on the survey of occurrences of choking accidents in schools and on a pilot study; the application ones involved carrying out the educational action in the three schools, at a time established by them, applying questionnaires before and after the educational action with all the participants and filming some participants during the action and after 30 days; the evaluation ones included exploratory and comparative analyzes of the answers to the questionnaires before and after the educational action, using the IBM-SPSS Statistics software, and of the behaviors emitted in the filming. As a result, in relation to the objective of elaborating the educational action, teaching plans, scripts and checklists of the educational action, leaflet on first aid, report of a fictitious choking situation, film analysis script, pre and post-action questionnaires were elaborated. educational and choking record form at school, a choking record was identified in a school and a pilot study was carried out, which indicated adequacy of materials and procedures. As a result, in relation to the objective of application, the educational action was carried out in the three schools, using all the materials and pre-prepared forms, with all the participants answering the questionnaires before and after the educational action and some being filmed on the day of the action. and after 30 days. As a result, in relation to the objective of evaluating the educational action, in the questionnaires there was a tendency to increase correct answers, as in the recognition of the choking accident, with statistical significance for the behaviors emitted by the baby in a choking situation and, in the filming , there was a tendency to maintain correct choking prevention and first aid behaviors, especially for the early start of the de-choking maneuver and the activation of the emergency service. It was concluded that the objectives of the study were achieved and the results were positive, being suggestive of its continuity and improvements. Further research was suggested, such as the inclusion of teachers as multipliers of this activity, and discussions with a view to making the continuing education of early childhood teachers public policy in the themes of the present study.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Prevenção de acidentes, Primeiros socorros, Engasgo, Educação infantil, Accident prevention, First aid, Choke, Child education
Como citar
CAROLINO, Roseli. Ação educativa sobre prevenção e primeiros socorros de acidentes de engasgo na educação infantil. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.