Gradientes de frugivoria em aves sul-americanas
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Data
2019
Autores
Gomes, Arthur Monteiro [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Embora haja diversos trabalhos publicados sobre as dietas das aves sul-americanas, esses estão dispersos na literatura. Desse modo, os gradientes na dieta dessas aves permanecem pouco conhecidos, sendo classificadas erroneamente em categorias que desconsideram possíveis variações. Dessa forma, buscamos compilar a literatura sobre a dieta de aves sulamericanas de modo a fornecer de maneira mais precisa os Graus de Frugivoria (GF) e, quando possível, suas variações intraespecíficas. Analisamos se esses valores variam conforme o método utilizado para estudar a dieta e se estão correlacionados com os valores de GF propostos na literatura. A partir da compilação de 60 trabalhos publicados (19.567 registros) classificamos 246 espécies para obtenção de seus GF. Utilizamos testes T-pareados e de correlação de Spearman (α = 0,05) para verificar se os diferentes métodos geram GF similares, o que foi corroborado. No entanto, apenas conteúdos estomacais e fecais forneceram valores de GF positivamente correlacionados. Das 31 espécies com mais de uma fonte de dados, 15 (48,4%) variaram quanto ao GF, podendo indicar possíveis variações intraespecíficas. Com base no banco de dados amplamente utilizado para obtenção desses valores atualmente (WILMAN et al., 2014; Elton Traits), verificamos se os valores obtidos por nós estavam correlacionados com os propostos pelos autores. Embora haja correlação para o conjunto total de espécies analisadas, isto não ocorreu para as mais frugívoras, que apresentaram valores de GF menores no banco de dados Elton Traits do que o que obtivemos. Apesar de termos obtido um grande volume de registros provenientes da literatura, esses ainda são desproporcionais à quantidade de espécies sul-americanas de aves. Isto reforça a necessidade de continuar coletando informações a respeito da dieta das aves. Desta maneira o presente trabalho indica as aves cujas dietas são pouco conhecidas, podendo colaborar no direcionamento de futuros estudos que aprofundarão o entendimento de suas histórias naturais.
Although there are several published works about the diets of South American birds, these are scattered in the literature. Thus, the gradients in the diets of these birds remain poorly known, being erroneously classified into categories that disregard possible variations. Thus, we intend to compile the literature about the diet of South American birds in order to provide Frugivory Degrees (FD) with greater accuracy and, where possible, their intraspecific variations. We analyzed whether these values vary according to the method used to study the diet and whether they correlate with the FD values proposed by the literature. From the compilation of 60 published works (19.567 records), we classified 246 species to obtain their FD. We used paired t-tests and Spearman’s correlation tests (α = 0,05) to verify if the different methods generate similar FD, which was corroborated. However, only stomach and fecal contents provided positively correlated FD values. Of the 31 species with more than one data source, 15 (48,4%) varied regarding to FD, which may indicate possible intraspecific variations. Based on the widely used database to obtain FD values (WILMAN et al., 2014; Elton Traits), we tested if the values obtained by us were correlated with those proposed by the authors. Although there is correlation for the total set of species analyzed, this did not occur for the most frugivorous species, which presented lower FD values based on the Elton Traits database than the values we obtained. Although we have obtained a large volume of records from the literature, they are still disproportionate to the species diversity of South American birds. This reinforces the need to continue collecting information about bird diets. Thus, the present work indicates the birds whose diets are little known, and may collaborate in the direction of future studies that will deepen the understanding of their natural histories.
Although there are several published works about the diets of South American birds, these are scattered in the literature. Thus, the gradients in the diets of these birds remain poorly known, being erroneously classified into categories that disregard possible variations. Thus, we intend to compile the literature about the diet of South American birds in order to provide Frugivory Degrees (FD) with greater accuracy and, where possible, their intraspecific variations. We analyzed whether these values vary according to the method used to study the diet and whether they correlate with the FD values proposed by the literature. From the compilation of 60 published works (19.567 records), we classified 246 species to obtain their FD. We used paired t-tests and Spearman’s correlation tests (α = 0,05) to verify if the different methods generate similar FD, which was corroborated. However, only stomach and fecal contents provided positively correlated FD values. Of the 31 species with more than one data source, 15 (48,4%) varied regarding to FD, which may indicate possible intraspecific variations. Based on the widely used database to obtain FD values (WILMAN et al., 2014; Elton Traits), we tested if the values obtained by us were correlated with those proposed by the authors. Although there is correlation for the total set of species analyzed, this did not occur for the most frugivorous species, which presented lower FD values based on the Elton Traits database than the values we obtained. Although we have obtained a large volume of records from the literature, they are still disproportionate to the species diversity of South American birds. This reinforces the need to continue collecting information about bird diets. Thus, the present work indicates the birds whose diets are little known, and may collaborate in the direction of future studies that will deepen the understanding of their natural histories.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ornitologia, Aves, Dietas, Grau de frugivoria, Birds, Diets, Frugivory degree