Avaliação de características de eficiência alimentar e crescimento em ovinos dorper
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Data
2022-07-01
Autores
Lopes, José Eduardo da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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RESUMO - O custo da produção animal ainda é elevado, particularmente relacionado a alimentação dos animais, sendo imprescindível a melhora da eficiência na utilização do alimento. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial de utilização do alimento em ovinos Dorper, classificados em relação ao consumo alimentar residual (CAR) e consumo e ganho residual (CGR), correlacionando-a com características de interesse zootécnico. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos (12 machos e 12 fêmeas), com idade e peso inicial médio de 144±12,5 dias e 32,79±5,54 kg, alojados em baias individuais e submetidos ao teste de eficiência alimentar com duração total de 70 dias (14 dias de adaptação e 56 dias de teste efetivo). Os animais foram alimentados de forma ad libitum duas vezes ao dia, na forma de dieta total, constituída de 35% volumoso e 65% concentrado, mantendo a sobra de alimento fornecido diariamente em 10%. Ao final do teste os animais foram classificados em eficientes (n = 7), intermediário (n = 10) e menos eficientes (n = 7) ao CAR e eficientes (n= 8), intermediários (n = 9) e menos eficientes (n = 7) para CGR. Comparações de médias entre as classes definidas de CAR e CGR foram realizadas pelo teste Tukey-Kramer, para as características de eficiência alimentar, desempenho, morfométricas e carcaça. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (ajustada ao sexo) foi estimado entre o CAR e CGR e todas as características estudadas. Significância menor que 0,05 foi considerada nas análises estatísticas. A diferença média na ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) entre as classes eficientes e menos eficientes ao CAR foi de 0,210 kg MS/dia (1,22 vs. 1,43 kg MS/dia), observando diferença de 17,2% no consumo diário entre as classes (p<0,05). Entre as classes de CGR não foram observadas diferenças no consumo (p>0,05). As características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia foram semelhantes entre as classes de CAR e CGR (p>0,05), demonstrando que o acabamento da carcaça não é alterado devido a eficiência alimentar. O CAR exibiu correlação positiva com a IMS (0,49, p<0,05) e IMS expressa em peso corporal e peso metabólico (0,69 e 0,83, respectivamente) e correlação negativa com ganho médio diário residual (GMDR), GGR e índice corporal (IC) (-0,47, -0,86 e -0,42, respectivamente). O CGR exibiu correlação positiva com eficiência alimentar bruta (EAB) e GMDR (0,55, 0,86, respectivamente) e negativa com IMS expressa em peso metabólico, conversão alimentar (CA) e CAR (-0,47, -0,55 e -0,86, respectivamente). Ovinos eficientes da raça Dorper ao CAR apresentam significativa redução na ingestão de matéria seca. Os animais eficientes tanto ao CAR quanto ao CGR apresentaram desempenho satisfatórios em ganho de peso e sem alterações na estrutura física e nas características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia.
ABSTRACT – The cost of animal production is still high, particularly related to feed, making it essential to improve efficiency in the use of food. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of feed utilization in Dorper lambs, classified according to residual feed consumption (RFI) and residual consumption and gain (RIG), correlating it with zootechnical characteristics. Twenty-four lambs (12 male and 12 female), with mean age and initial weight of 144±12.5 days and 32.79±5.54 kg, were housed in individual pens and tested for feed efficiency for a total duration of 70 days (14 days of adaptation and 56 days of actual testing). The lambs were fed ad libitum twice a day, in the form of a total diet, consisting of 35% volume and 65% concentrate, keeping the leftover food provided daily at 10%. At the end of the test, the lambs were classified as efficient (n = 7), intermediate (n = 10) and less efficient (n = 7) for RFI and efficient (n = 8), intermediate (n = 9) and less efficient (n = 7) for RIG. Mean comparisons between the defined RIF and RIG classes were performed by the Tukey-Kramer test for feed efficiency, performance, morphometric and carcass traits. Pearson's correlation coefficient (adjusted for sex) was estimated between RIF and RIG and all traits studied. Significance less than 0.05 was considered in the statistical analyses. The mean difference in dry matter intake (DMI) between RIF efficient and less efficient classes was 0.210 kg DM/day (1.22 vs. 1.43 kg DM/day), observing 17.2% difference in daily intake between classes (p<0.05). No differences in consumption were observed between RIG classes (p>0.05). Carcass characteristics evaluated by ultrasonography were similar between RIF and RIG classes (p>0.05), demonstrating that carcass finish is not altered due to feed efficiency. RFI exhibited positive correlation with DMI (0.49, p<0.05) and DMI expressed in body weight and metabolic weight (0.69 and 0.83, respectively) and negative correlation with mean daily residual gain (ARDG), RIG and body indece (BIN) (-0.47, -0.86 and -0.42, respectively). RIG exhibited positive correlation with gross feed efficiency (GFE) and ARDG (0.55, 0.86, respectively) and negative correlation with DMI expressed as metabolic weight, feed conversion (FC) and RIF (-0.47, -0.55 and -0.86, respectively). Efficient sheep of the Dorper breed at RIF show a significant reduction in dry matter intake. The efficient animals both at RIF and RIG showed satisfactory performance in weight gain and no changes in physical structure and carcass characteristics evaluated by ultrasonography.
ABSTRACT – The cost of animal production is still high, particularly related to feed, making it essential to improve efficiency in the use of food. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of feed utilization in Dorper lambs, classified according to residual feed consumption (RFI) and residual consumption and gain (RIG), correlating it with zootechnical characteristics. Twenty-four lambs (12 male and 12 female), with mean age and initial weight of 144±12.5 days and 32.79±5.54 kg, were housed in individual pens and tested for feed efficiency for a total duration of 70 days (14 days of adaptation and 56 days of actual testing). The lambs were fed ad libitum twice a day, in the form of a total diet, consisting of 35% volume and 65% concentrate, keeping the leftover food provided daily at 10%. At the end of the test, the lambs were classified as efficient (n = 7), intermediate (n = 10) and less efficient (n = 7) for RFI and efficient (n = 8), intermediate (n = 9) and less efficient (n = 7) for RIG. Mean comparisons between the defined RIF and RIG classes were performed by the Tukey-Kramer test for feed efficiency, performance, morphometric and carcass traits. Pearson's correlation coefficient (adjusted for sex) was estimated between RIF and RIG and all traits studied. Significance less than 0.05 was considered in the statistical analyses. The mean difference in dry matter intake (DMI) between RIF efficient and less efficient classes was 0.210 kg DM/day (1.22 vs. 1.43 kg DM/day), observing 17.2% difference in daily intake between classes (p<0.05). No differences in consumption were observed between RIG classes (p>0.05). Carcass characteristics evaluated by ultrasonography were similar between RIF and RIG classes (p>0.05), demonstrating that carcass finish is not altered due to feed efficiency. RFI exhibited positive correlation with DMI (0.49, p<0.05) and DMI expressed in body weight and metabolic weight (0.69 and 0.83, respectively) and negative correlation with mean daily residual gain (ARDG), RIG and body indece (BIN) (-0.47, -0.86 and -0.42, respectively). RIG exhibited positive correlation with gross feed efficiency (GFE) and ARDG (0.55, 0.86, respectively) and negative correlation with DMI expressed as metabolic weight, feed conversion (FC) and RIF (-0.47, -0.55 and -0.86, respectively). Efficient sheep of the Dorper breed at RIF show a significant reduction in dry matter intake. The efficient animals both at RIF and RIG showed satisfactory performance in weight gain and no changes in physical structure and carcass characteristics evaluated by ultrasonography.
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Palavras-chave
Eficiência alimentar, Confinamento (Animais), Ovinos, Carcaças