Gatilhos de dispersão e seleção de habitat: implicações para montagem de comunidades aquáticas
Carregando...
Data
2019
Autores
Simioni, Willian Barbosa
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dispersão é um dos processos ecológicos responsáveis pela estruturação de populações e comunidades, pois permite que os indivíduos colonizem novos ambientes ou mantenham populações em locais em que as espécies já ocorrem, além de permitir a coexistência de espécies. Espécies exibem diferentes estratégias de dispersão e de seleção de novos habitat. Organismos de hábito parasitário provavelmente utilizam pistas químicas, ou seja, informações individuais do hospedeiro ou de suas populações enquanto habitat original ou de destino como gatilhos para iniciar a dispersão. Estes organismos resultam em modelos de estudo que podem aumentar a compreensão das interações parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente e ajudar a revelar processos que moldam a dinâmica de metacomunidades. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se informações do habitat podem atuar como gatilhos de dispersão e seleção de novos habitat. Um experimento foi realizado utilizando as comunidades de Monogenoidea (Cichlidogyrus spp. e Scutogyrus longicornis) parasitos de brânquias de tilápia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus como modelo experimental. O tamanho do hospedeiro foi manipulado experimentalmente (e.g. pequeno, médio e grande) e foi considerado como uma medida de qualidade do habitat. A abundância, riqueza e composição dos parasitos das brânquias foram analisadas para verificar se existiam diferenças nas comunidades desses organismos de acordo com os tamanhos dos hospedeiros. Os dados foram analisados através de modelos lineares generalizados (GLM) e modelos multivariados. Não foram encontradas diferenças quanto à riqueza e composição das comunidades de parasitos entre os tamanhos de hospedeiro. Entretanto, os GLMs revelaram que o tamanho do hospedeiro foi a variável responsável por explicar grande parte da variação das abundâncias totais de parasitos nos hospedeiros, atuando como gatilho para a dispersão e seleção do habitat. Este trabalho fornece conhecimentos sobre a dependência de informações do habitat para que o organismo tome a decisão de dispersar, fator que está relacionado tanto à dinâmica populacional dos hospedeiros quanto à estrutura e composição das comunidades.
Dispersal is one of the ecological processes responsible for structuring populations and communities, as it allows individuals to colonize new environments or maintain populations where species already occur, as well as to allow species to coexist. Species exhibit different dispersal and new habitat selection strategies. Parasitic habit organisms are likely to use chemical clues, that is, individual information from the host or its populations as original or target habitat as triggers for initiating dispersal. These organisms result in study models that can increase understanding of parasite-host-environment interactions and help reveal processes that shape the dynamics of metacommunities. The aim of this project was to investigate if habitat information can act as triggers for dispersal and selection of new habitats. An experiment was performed using the communities of Monogenoidea (Cichlidogyrus spp. and Scutogyrus longicornis) parasites of Nile tilapia gills Oreochromis niloticus as an experimental model. Host size was manipulated experimentally (e.g. small, medium and large) and was considered as a measure of habitat quality. The abundance, richness and composition of gill parasites were analyzed to verify if there were differences in the communities of these organisms according to the host sizes. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM) and multivariate models. No differences were found regarding the richness and composition of parasite communities between host sizes. However, GLMs revealed that host size was the variable responsible for explaining much of the variation in total parasite abundance in the hosts, acting as a trigger for habitat dispersion and selection. This paper provides insights into the dependence of habitat information on the organism's decision to disperse, a factor that is related to both host population dynamics and community structure and composition.
Dispersal is one of the ecological processes responsible for structuring populations and communities, as it allows individuals to colonize new environments or maintain populations where species already occur, as well as to allow species to coexist. Species exhibit different dispersal and new habitat selection strategies. Parasitic habit organisms are likely to use chemical clues, that is, individual information from the host or its populations as original or target habitat as triggers for initiating dispersal. These organisms result in study models that can increase understanding of parasite-host-environment interactions and help reveal processes that shape the dynamics of metacommunities. The aim of this project was to investigate if habitat information can act as triggers for dispersal and selection of new habitats. An experiment was performed using the communities of Monogenoidea (Cichlidogyrus spp. and Scutogyrus longicornis) parasites of Nile tilapia gills Oreochromis niloticus as an experimental model. Host size was manipulated experimentally (e.g. small, medium and large) and was considered as a measure of habitat quality. The abundance, richness and composition of gill parasites were analyzed to verify if there were differences in the communities of these organisms according to the host sizes. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM) and multivariate models. No differences were found regarding the richness and composition of parasite communities between host sizes. However, GLMs revealed that host size was the variable responsible for explaining much of the variation in total parasite abundance in the hosts, acting as a trigger for habitat dispersion and selection. This paper provides insights into the dependence of habitat information on the organism's decision to disperse, a factor that is related to both host population dynamics and community structure and composition.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ecologia de comunidades, Gatilhos de dispersão, Ectoparasitos, Tamanho do habitat, Community ecology, Dispersal triggers, Habitat size, Ectoparasites