Utilização metabólica de carboidratos e avaliação do seu potencial como fonte de energia não proteica em dietas para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Curvier 1818)
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Data
2022-04-11
Autores
Ferrari, Jeisson Emerson Casimiro [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O consumo global de alimentos e derivados de pescado aumentou a uma porcentagem média anual de 3,1%, de 1961 a 2017. O Brasil é conhecido mundialmente pela grande diversidade de espécies dulcícolas, correspondendo a 41% do total de espécies de peixes teleósteos viventes no mundo. O tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), espécie nativa da América do Sul e da bacia amazônica, é um peixe onívoro/frugívoro de água doce que pode atingir facilmente os 70 cm de comprimento, e que apresenta alta produtividade na aquicultura por possuir excelente conversão alimentar, boa aceitação da alimentação artificial, resistência a longos períodos de jejum, boa resistência a doenças, carne de excelente qualidade e facilidade de adaptação à criação em tanques. Além disso é uma espécie onívora/frugívora bem adaptada ao consumo de carboidratos de frutos e sementes, além de zooplâncton, macrófitas, insetos, algas, moluscos e peixes menores. Carboidratos são nutrientes essenciais na alimentação dos animais por serem fornecedores de energia primária e sua utilização pelos peixes pode apresentar variação dentre as diversas espécies. Peixes carnívoros utilizam de forma inadequada os carboidratos, porém, peixes onívoros, como é o caso do tambaqui, parecem controlar melhor a regulação metabólica destes açúcares no seu organismo. Tanto a glicose quanto a frutose são açucares simples e, apesar de já existirem alguns estudos que discutem sua importância na alimentação e no metabolismo de peixes, ainda existem muitas dúvidas sobre a utilização metabólica destes açúcares pelo tambaqui, tanto no metabolismo quanto na nutrição. A inclusão de diferentes ingredientes energéticos amiláceos e não amiláceos em dietas para tambaqui pode apresentar diferentes características metabólicas e de desempenho produtivo. Neste estudo utilizou-se da técnica da metabolômica para avaliar os parâmetros metabólicos e a análise dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente, variáveis sanguíneas e de desempenho produtivo para avaliar o aproveitamento nutricional de determinados ingredientes em dietas para o tambaqui. A inclusão de ingredientes energéticos em níveis adequados para atender as exigências nutricionais pode ser uma alternativa viável para otimizar a produção aquícola da espécie.
The global consumption of food and fish products increased at an average annual percentage of 3.1%, from 1961 to 2017. Brazil is known worldwide for the great diversity of freshwater species, corresponding to 41% of the total living teleost fish species in the world. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a species native to South America and the Amazon basin, is an omnivorous/frugivorous freshwater fish that can easily reach 70 cm in length, and has high productivity in aquaculture due to its excellent feed conversion, good acceptance of artificial feeding, resistance to long periods of fasting, good resistance to diseases, excellent quality meat and ease of adaptation to tank farming. In addition, it is an omnivorous/frugivorous species well adapted to the consumption of carbohydrates from fruits and seeds, as well as zooplankton, macrophytes, insects, algae, molluscs and smaller fish. Carbohydrates are essential nutrients in animal feed as they provide primary energy and their use by fish may vary among different species. Carnivorous fish use carbohydrates inappropriately, however, omnivorous fish, such as tambaqui, seem to better control the metabolic regulation of these sugars in their body. Both glucose and fructose are simple sugars and, although there are already some studies that discuss their importance in fish food and metabolism, there are still many doubts about the metabolic use of these sugars by tambaqui, both in metabolism and nutrition. The inclusion of different starchy and non-starchy energy ingredients in diets for tambaqui may present different metabolic and productive performance characteristics. In this study, the metabolomics technique was used to evaluate the metabolic parameters and the analysis of apparent digestibility coefficients, blood variables and productive performance to evaluate the nutritional use of certain ingredients in diets for tambaqui. The inclusion of energy ingredients at adequate levels to meet nutritional requirements can be a viable alternative to optimize the aquaculture production of the species.
The global consumption of food and fish products increased at an average annual percentage of 3.1%, from 1961 to 2017. Brazil is known worldwide for the great diversity of freshwater species, corresponding to 41% of the total living teleost fish species in the world. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a species native to South America and the Amazon basin, is an omnivorous/frugivorous freshwater fish that can easily reach 70 cm in length, and has high productivity in aquaculture due to its excellent feed conversion, good acceptance of artificial feeding, resistance to long periods of fasting, good resistance to diseases, excellent quality meat and ease of adaptation to tank farming. In addition, it is an omnivorous/frugivorous species well adapted to the consumption of carbohydrates from fruits and seeds, as well as zooplankton, macrophytes, insects, algae, molluscs and smaller fish. Carbohydrates are essential nutrients in animal feed as they provide primary energy and their use by fish may vary among different species. Carnivorous fish use carbohydrates inappropriately, however, omnivorous fish, such as tambaqui, seem to better control the metabolic regulation of these sugars in their body. Both glucose and fructose are simple sugars and, although there are already some studies that discuss their importance in fish food and metabolism, there are still many doubts about the metabolic use of these sugars by tambaqui, both in metabolism and nutrition. The inclusion of different starchy and non-starchy energy ingredients in diets for tambaqui may present different metabolic and productive performance characteristics. In this study, the metabolomics technique was used to evaluate the metabolic parameters and the analysis of apparent digestibility coefficients, blood variables and productive performance to evaluate the nutritional use of certain ingredients in diets for tambaqui. The inclusion of energy ingredients at adequate levels to meet nutritional requirements can be a viable alternative to optimize the aquaculture production of the species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tambaqui, Metabolômica, Digestibilidade, Glicose, Frutose, Glucose, Fructose, Carboidratos