Análise de danos ambientais na qualidade do ar provenientes da extração de argila como matéria prima no polo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes
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Data
2022-07-06
Autores
Oliveira, Thayla Néspola de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O setor industrial cerâmico localizado no Polo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes e
composto pelos municípios Santa Gertrudes, Rio Claro, Cordeirópolis, Iracemápolis,
Limeira e Ipeúna, sendo considerado o terceiro maior produtor e o sexto maior
vendedor e exportador do mundo, gerando 28 mil empregos diretos e 200 mil indiretos,
além de ser responsável por 92% da produção cerâmica do estado de São Paulo. Para
que as indústrias cerâmicas e mineradoras possam operar suas atividades, deve ser
realizado o licenciamento ambiental, a fim de se obter as licenças prévia, de instalação
e de operação. Diante disso, os empreendimentos devem seguir normas e cumprir com
diversas responsabilidades técnicas e ambientais. Dessa forma, faz-se de suma
importância a compreensão do processo de atividade cerâmica, avaliando quais os
principais danos e impactos ambientais negativos provenientes dessa atividade e
entender se são realizadas medidas com o objetivo de reduzir a poluição atmosférica.
Portanto, por meio de levantamentos de dados bibliográficos, avaliação das
responsabilidades do setor cerâmico, análise da percepção da população quanto à
poluição atmosférica e a análise da qualidade do ar por meio da extração de dados da
base da CETESB, foi possível analisar a correlação das variáveis meteorológicas em
relação a concentração do poluente material particulado na atmosfera, além de
compreender quais as principais etapas da produção responsáveis pelas maiores
emissões de material particulado (MP10). Além disso, a adoção de medidas mitigadoras
como umectação das principais vicinais, caminhões cobertos de lona e limpeza dos
veículos responsáveis pelo transporte de matéria-prima, visam diminuir a concentração
de MP10 na atmosfera enquanto não são implantadas novas tecnologias. Diante desses
fatos, pode-se conceituar que os altos índices de umidade relativa do ar e precipitações
contribuem para diminuir as concentrações de material particulado e que as etapas de
extração, beneficiamento da argila e transporte da mesma são as principais
contribuintes para a emissão desse poluente.
The ceramic industrial sector located in the Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Pole and comprising the municipalities of Santa Gertrudes, Rio Claro, Cordeirópolis, Iracemápolis, Limeira and Ipeúna, is considered the third largest producer and the sixth largest seller and exporter in the world, generating 28 thousand jobs and 200 thousand indirect ones, besides being responsible for 92% of the ceramic production in the state of São Paulo. In order for the ceramic and mining industries to operate their activities, environmental licensing must be carried out, in order to obtain prior, installation and operating licenses. In view of this, the enterprises must follow standards and comply with various technical and environmental responsibilities. Thus, it is extremely important to understand the ceramic activity process, assessing the main damages and negative environmental impacts from this activity and understanding whether measures are taken with the aim of reducing atmospheric pollution. Therefore, through surveys of bibliographic data, assessment of the responsibilities of the ceramic sector, analysis of the population's perception of atmospheric pollution and analysis of air quality through the extraction of data from the CETESB database, it was possible to analyze the correlation of the meteorological variables in relation to the concentration of pollutant particular material in the atmosphere, in addition to understanding which are the main stages of production responsible for the highest particulate material emissions. In addition, the adoption of mitigating measures such as watering the main roads, trucks covered with canvas and cleaning the vehicles responsible for transporting raw materials, aim to reduce the concentration of particulate material in the atmosphere while new technologies are not implemented. Given these facts, it can be conceptualized that the high levels of relative humidity and precipitation contribute to reduce the concentrations of particular material and that the stages of extraction, clay processing and transport are the main contributors to the emission of this pollutant.
The ceramic industrial sector located in the Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Pole and comprising the municipalities of Santa Gertrudes, Rio Claro, Cordeirópolis, Iracemápolis, Limeira and Ipeúna, is considered the third largest producer and the sixth largest seller and exporter in the world, generating 28 thousand jobs and 200 thousand indirect ones, besides being responsible for 92% of the ceramic production in the state of São Paulo. In order for the ceramic and mining industries to operate their activities, environmental licensing must be carried out, in order to obtain prior, installation and operating licenses. In view of this, the enterprises must follow standards and comply with various technical and environmental responsibilities. Thus, it is extremely important to understand the ceramic activity process, assessing the main damages and negative environmental impacts from this activity and understanding whether measures are taken with the aim of reducing atmospheric pollution. Therefore, through surveys of bibliographic data, assessment of the responsibilities of the ceramic sector, analysis of the population's perception of atmospheric pollution and analysis of air quality through the extraction of data from the CETESB database, it was possible to analyze the correlation of the meteorological variables in relation to the concentration of pollutant particular material in the atmosphere, in addition to understanding which are the main stages of production responsible for the highest particulate material emissions. In addition, the adoption of mitigating measures such as watering the main roads, trucks covered with canvas and cleaning the vehicles responsible for transporting raw materials, aim to reduce the concentration of particulate material in the atmosphere while new technologies are not implemented. Given these facts, it can be conceptualized that the high levels of relative humidity and precipitation contribute to reduce the concentrations of particular material and that the stages of extraction, clay processing and transport are the main contributors to the emission of this pollutant.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Engenharia ambiental, Poluição atmosférica, Qualidade do ar, Setor industrial cerâmico