Análise dos conflitos de uso da terra nas áreas de preservação permanente e do escoamento superficial na sub-bacia do baixo Itapetininga, Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2022-06-20
Autores
Brizotti, Carolina Souza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com intenção na utilização de ferramentas de geoprocessamento para análise de bacias hidrográficas, aplicando-se um estudo de caso a Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Baixo Itapetininga, a qual encontra-se inserida no leste da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo, para fins de identificação de possíveis processos de degradação ambiental, provenientes de um crescente desenvolvimento populacional, e expansão econômica urbana e rural decorrente dos últimos anos que por muitas vezes desconsidera os aspectos naturais da paisagem e os impactos de suas modificações.
De modo a analisar processos de uso e ocupação da terra no entorno de corpos hídricos e de suas nascentes nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) devidamente estabelecidas pela Lei nº 12.651/2012, investigando suas áreas de adequação e inadequação, obtendo dados totais de área devidamente recoberta por vegetação, e seus principais usos.
Ampara-se então este trabalho por suportes geotecnológicos, para propor medidas de manejo adequado à bacia de estudo, simulando o escoamento superficial da bacia através do método Curva Número desenvolvido pelo Serviço de Conservação do Solo (CN-SCS), que consiste na estimativa do volume total de chuvas escoado superficialmente, observando as características físicas e as ações antrópicas concomitantes nos pontos críticos de menor infiltração das águas da chuvas, e sua associação com a impermeabilização do solo em áreas urbanas e a utilização indevida da terra em áreas agrícolas, as quais demandam maior atenção e cuidados ambientais.
This research was developed with the intention of using geoprocessing tools for the analysis of hydrographic basins, applying a case study to the Lower Itapetininga Hydrographic Sub-Basin, which is located in the east of the Alto Paranapanema Hydrographic Basin, State of São Paulo, in order to identify possible processes of environmental degradation, resulting from a growing population development, and urban and rural economic expansion resulting from recent years, which often disregards the natural aspects of the landscape and the impacts of its modifications. In order to analyze land use and occupation processes around water bodies and their springs in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) duly established by the Law 12,651/2012, Brazilian forest code) investigating their areas of suitability and inadequacy, obtaining total area data duly covered by vegetation, and its main uses. This work is then supported by geotechnolog, to propose appropriate management measures for the study basin, simulating the surface runoff of the basin through the Curve Number method developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN), which consists of estimating the total volume of surface runoff, observing the physical characteristics and concomitant human actions at critical points of lower infiltration of rainwater, and its association with soil sealing in urban areas and the improper use of land in agricultural areas, which require greater attention and environmental care.
This research was developed with the intention of using geoprocessing tools for the analysis of hydrographic basins, applying a case study to the Lower Itapetininga Hydrographic Sub-Basin, which is located in the east of the Alto Paranapanema Hydrographic Basin, State of São Paulo, in order to identify possible processes of environmental degradation, resulting from a growing population development, and urban and rural economic expansion resulting from recent years, which often disregards the natural aspects of the landscape and the impacts of its modifications. In order to analyze land use and occupation processes around water bodies and their springs in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) duly established by the Law 12,651/2012, Brazilian forest code) investigating their areas of suitability and inadequacy, obtaining total area data duly covered by vegetation, and its main uses. This work is then supported by geotechnolog, to propose appropriate management measures for the study basin, simulating the surface runoff of the basin through the Curve Number method developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS-CN), which consists of estimating the total volume of surface runoff, observing the physical characteristics and concomitant human actions at critical points of lower infiltration of rainwater, and its association with soil sealing in urban areas and the improper use of land in agricultural areas, which require greater attention and environmental care.
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Palavras-chave
Método CN-SCS, SIG, Random forest