Acidose em vacas leiteiras: Revisão bibliográfica
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Data
2022-11-08
Autores
Ramalho, Larissa Marcelino
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A demanda global por alimentos tem exigido uma produção animal cada vez mais tecnificada e eficiente. O mesmo se aplica aos rebanhos leiteiros, que estão sendo cada vez mais exigidos, visto que tanto o consumo final de leite, quanto o emprego deste em derivados. Os industrializados têm tido demanda crescente em volume e qualidade de produto. Para que o mercado seja devidamente abastecido, produtores tem apostado em sistema de produções mais intensivos, que tendem a aumentar a produtividade das propriedades. Entretanto, tais modificações na dieta dos animais podem trazer consequências metabólicas, entre as mais comuns, destaca-se a acidose, que consiste na queda significativa do pH ruminal devido principalmente ao aumento do fornecimento de carboidratos e redução das fibras, circunstância comum em confinamentos, o que leva ao acúmulo de lactato. Os sinais da acidose ruminal se manifestam entre 12 a 24 horas após a ingestão do alimento. Entre os mais característicos pode-se destacar cólicas; fraqueza; desidratação; perda do apetite; andar cambaleante; diarreia escura e ácida; oscilação na produção de leite; queda no movimento ruminal. Em casos críticos, o animal pode chegar à óbito. Uma vez que acidose é um distúrbio comum e de alto impacto econômico nos rebanhos, chegando à redução de 2 L de leite/animal/dia, é essencial que seja evitado
através da observação atenta dos sinais clínicos, o que deve ser desempenhado por funcionários treinados, para que assim os diagnósticos sejam realizados precocemente e se evite a perda de animais. Também é de suma importância a atenção à dieta fornecida, respeitando a proporção de 60:40 para volumoso:concentrado.
The global demand for food has demanded an increasingly technified and efficient animal production. The same applies to dairy herds, which are being increasingly demanded, as both the final consumption of milk and its use in derivatives. industrialized products have had a growing demand in terms of product volume and quality. For the market to be properly supplied, producers have bet on more intensive production systems, which tend to increase the productivity of properties. However, such changes in the diet of animals can have metabolic consequences, among the most common, acidosis stands out, which consists of a significant drop in rumen pH, mainly due to the increase in the supply of carbohydrates and reduction of fiber, a common circumstance in feedlots, which leads to the accumulation of lactate. The signs of ruminal acidosis appear between 12 and 24 hours after ingestion of the food. Among the most characteristic we can highlight colic; weakness; dehydration; loss of appetite; staggering walk; dark and acidic diarrhea; fluctuation in milk production; drop in rumen movement. In critical cases, the animal can die. Since acidosis is a common disorder with a high economic impact on herds, reaching a reduction of 2 L of milk/animal/day, it is essential that it be avoided through careful observation of clinical signs, which must be performed by trained employees, so that diagnoses are made early and avoid the loss of animals. It is also extremely important to pay attention to the diet provided, respecting the ratio of 60:40 for roughage:concentrate.
The global demand for food has demanded an increasingly technified and efficient animal production. The same applies to dairy herds, which are being increasingly demanded, as both the final consumption of milk and its use in derivatives. industrialized products have had a growing demand in terms of product volume and quality. For the market to be properly supplied, producers have bet on more intensive production systems, which tend to increase the productivity of properties. However, such changes in the diet of animals can have metabolic consequences, among the most common, acidosis stands out, which consists of a significant drop in rumen pH, mainly due to the increase in the supply of carbohydrates and reduction of fiber, a common circumstance in feedlots, which leads to the accumulation of lactate. The signs of ruminal acidosis appear between 12 and 24 hours after ingestion of the food. Among the most characteristic we can highlight colic; weakness; dehydration; loss of appetite; staggering walk; dark and acidic diarrhea; fluctuation in milk production; drop in rumen movement. In critical cases, the animal can die. Since acidosis is a common disorder with a high economic impact on herds, reaching a reduction of 2 L of milk/animal/day, it is essential that it be avoided through careful observation of clinical signs, which must be performed by trained employees, so that diagnoses are made early and avoid the loss of animals. It is also extremely important to pay attention to the diet provided, respecting the ratio of 60:40 for roughage:concentrate.
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Palavras-chave
Acidose, Produção Leiteira, Doença metabólica, Bovinocultura, Pecuária