Planejamento urbano e áreas de risco hidrometereológicos: um estudo de caso no município de Pouso Alegre
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Data
2022-04-29
Autores
Galhardo, Carolina
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expansão das áreas urbanas ao longo dos últimos anos tem se singularizado pelo crescimento desordenado, que traz inúmeras consequências para muitas cidades no mundo todo. Uma dessas consequências é o agravamento da exposição de pessoas ao risco de desastres de diversas naturezas, devido à ocupação sem planejamento integrado, de áreas suscetíveis a inundações, enchentes, alagamentos, entre tantos outros desastres que afetam áreas construídas no meio urbano. O município de Pouso Alegre, que será objeto de estudo deste trabalho, possui histórico de desastres hidrometeorológicos, como enchentes e inundações, que assolam a população e comprometem a qualidade de vida em meio urbano. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar a efetividade dos instrumentos urbanos legais vigentes em relação ao ambiente consolidado, no que se refere às áreas de risco de desastres associados a inundações e enchentes. E, a partir disso, identificar possíveis lacunas nos instrumentos municipais de planejamento urbano que dificultam ou impedem a gestão do risco. Para se alcançar o objetivo geral, inicialmente foi realizada uma avaliação sobre a recorrência de desastres hidrometeorológicos e impactos no município de Pouso Alegre, bem como a análise da vulnerabilidade social da população, e da correlação entre a expansão urbana e o histórico de ocorrências de desastres já registrados. As análises aqui realizadas demonstram o quão abrangente podem ser as circunstâncias que interferem na ocorrência de um desastre, apontando para a criação de estratégias multidisciplinares para o planejamento, ou seja, orientadas por perspectivas de diferentes campos do conhecimento de maneira integrada, a fim de se minimizar os impactos causados na vida da população.
The expansion of urban areas over the last few years has been distinguished by their disorderly growth, which has innumerable consequences for many cities around the world. One of these consequences is the aggravation of people exposure to the risk of disasters, due to the occupation without integrated planning of areas susceptible to flooding, flooding, inundation, among many other disasters that affect urban areas. The municipality of Pouso Alegre, which will be the object of study of this work, has a history of hydrometeorological disasters, such as floods, which affect its population in a negative way and compromise the quality of their lives. Thus, the general objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of legal instruments in relation to the urban environment, with regard to areas at risk of disasters associated with floods and inundations. From this, it is intended to identify possible gaps in municipal urban planning instruments that make risk management difficult. In order to achieve the general objective, an assessment was initially carried out on the recurrence of hydrometeorological disasters and impacts in the municipality of Pouso Alegre, as well as the analysis of the social vulnerability of the population, and the correlation between urban expansion and history of disaster registered occurrences. The analyzes carried out here demonstrate how comprehensive the circumstances that interfere in the occurrence of a disaster can be, pointing to the creation of multidisciplinary strategies for planning, that is, guided by perspectives from different fields of knowledge in an integrated way, in order to minimize the impacts caused on the lives of the population.
The expansion of urban areas over the last few years has been distinguished by their disorderly growth, which has innumerable consequences for many cities around the world. One of these consequences is the aggravation of people exposure to the risk of disasters, due to the occupation without integrated planning of areas susceptible to flooding, flooding, inundation, among many other disasters that affect urban areas. The municipality of Pouso Alegre, which will be the object of study of this work, has a history of hydrometeorological disasters, such as floods, which affect its population in a negative way and compromise the quality of their lives. Thus, the general objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of legal instruments in relation to the urban environment, with regard to areas at risk of disasters associated with floods and inundations. From this, it is intended to identify possible gaps in municipal urban planning instruments that make risk management difficult. In order to achieve the general objective, an assessment was initially carried out on the recurrence of hydrometeorological disasters and impacts in the municipality of Pouso Alegre, as well as the analysis of the social vulnerability of the population, and the correlation between urban expansion and history of disaster registered occurrences. The analyzes carried out here demonstrate how comprehensive the circumstances that interfere in the occurrence of a disaster can be, pointing to the creation of multidisciplinary strategies for planning, that is, guided by perspectives from different fields of knowledge in an integrated way, in order to minimize the impacts caused on the lives of the population.
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Expansão urbana, Inundação, Gestão do risco de desastres, Urban expansion, Flash floods, Disaster risk management