Estimativa de potencial de produção de biogás a partir da vinhaça no estado de São Paulo
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Data
2023-01-12
Autores
Piroutek, Alain Borges
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A sociedade atual demanda quantidades cada vez maiores de energia para sustentar seu estilo de vida e as evoluções tecnológicas alcançadas. Os combustíveis fósseis são responsáveis por mais de 80 % da matriz energética mundial. Com as atuais tendências e urgências de uma mudança nessa matriz energética, com o intuito de diminuir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, a busca por alternativas renováveis se torna uma consequência imediata. Dentre as diversas formas de se produzir energia, o Brasil destaca-se como maior produtor mundial de etanol à partir da cana-de-açúcar. Assim, o principal resíduo gerado deste processo, a vinhaça, passa a apresentar elevado interesse biotecnológico por conter elevado teor orgânico e concentrações de nutrientes, sendo então utilizado em processos de digestão anaeróbia para a geração de biogás, já que este resíduo não pode ser descartado sem o devido tratamento. Este biogás possui um elevado teor energético e pode ser utilizado para gerar energia (elétrica, térmica ou mecânica) ou até ser purificado e produzir combustível gasoso similar ao gás natural, o biometano. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a estimativa do potencial de produção de biogás a partir da vinhaça produzida no estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que, caso toda a vinhaça produzida no estado de São Paulo em 1 ano, fosse tratada em um reator CSTR com um rendimento de aproximadamente 0,4 LCH4/Lvinhaça, seriam produzidos aproximadamente 1.240.844,4 mil m³ biogás/ano. Isso corresponde ao potencial de geração de 6.477,2 GWh/ano, que equivale a 4,9 % do consumo de energia elétrica no estado de São Paulo e a 1,3 % do consumo no Brasil, ambos registrados em 2021.
Today’s society demands ever-increasing amounts of energy to sustain its lifestyle and the technological developments achieved. Fossil fuels are responsible for more than 80 % of the world’s energy matrix. With the current trends and urgency for changes in this energy matrix. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the current trends and urgency of a change in the energy matrix, the search for renewable alternatives becomes an immediate consequence. Among the many ways producing energy, Brazil stands out as the world’s largest producer of ethanol from sugar cane. Thus, the main residue generated form this process, vinasse, starts to present high organic content and nutrient concentrations, being then used in anaerobic digestion processes for the generation of biogas, since this waste can not be discarded without proper treatment. This biogas has a high energy content and can be used to generate energy (electrical, thermal or mechanical) or even be purified to produce a gaseous fuel similar to natural gas, the biomethane. Thus, the objective of this work was to estimate the potential for biogas production from vinasse produced in the state of São Paulo. The results indicated that if all the vinasse produced in the state of São Paulo in 1 year, were treated in a CSTR reactor with a yield of approximately 0,4 L CH4 / L vinasse, approximately 1.240.844,4 thousand m³ biogas / year would be produced. This corresponds to the generation potential of 6.477,2 GWh / year, which is equivalent to 4,9 % of the electricity consumption in the state of São Paulo and 1,3 % of the consumption in Brazil, both recorded in 2021.
Today’s society demands ever-increasing amounts of energy to sustain its lifestyle and the technological developments achieved. Fossil fuels are responsible for more than 80 % of the world’s energy matrix. With the current trends and urgency for changes in this energy matrix. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the current trends and urgency of a change in the energy matrix, the search for renewable alternatives becomes an immediate consequence. Among the many ways producing energy, Brazil stands out as the world’s largest producer of ethanol from sugar cane. Thus, the main residue generated form this process, vinasse, starts to present high organic content and nutrient concentrations, being then used in anaerobic digestion processes for the generation of biogas, since this waste can not be discarded without proper treatment. This biogas has a high energy content and can be used to generate energy (electrical, thermal or mechanical) or even be purified to produce a gaseous fuel similar to natural gas, the biomethane. Thus, the objective of this work was to estimate the potential for biogas production from vinasse produced in the state of São Paulo. The results indicated that if all the vinasse produced in the state of São Paulo in 1 year, were treated in a CSTR reactor with a yield of approximately 0,4 L CH4 / L vinasse, approximately 1.240.844,4 thousand m³ biogas / year would be produced. This corresponds to the generation potential of 6.477,2 GWh / year, which is equivalent to 4,9 % of the electricity consumption in the state of São Paulo and 1,3 % of the consumption in Brazil, both recorded in 2021.
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Palavras-chave
Agroindustrial, Digestão anaeróbia, Metano, Resíduos, Vinhaça, Anaerobic digestion, Methane, Residue, Vinasse