Influência de plantações florestais na ocorrência de mamíferos terrestres
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Data
2022-12-16
Autores
de Abreu Pestana, Luís Fernando [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Plantações florestais de espécies exóticas ocupam cada vez mais áreas no Brasil e no continente sul-americano devido à demanda por madeira e derivados. O manejo intensivo dessas áreas e sua variação estrutural ao longo do tempo pode refletir diretamente na disponibilidade de habitats e recursos do ecossistema, afetando a biodiversidade. Desenvolvemos este estudo integrado à linha de pesquisa de conservação dos recursos naturais e o estruturamos com o objetivo de avançar em tópicos que relacionam as plantações florestais e mamíferos, considerados organismos realizadores de funções ecossistêmicas importantes, com vários táxons ameaçados de extinção, além de ser um exemplo de grupo afetado pelas florestas plantadas. Apresentamos três capítulos: uma revisão sistemática e dois artigos experimentais realizados em unidades de manejo florestal. Na revisão, destacamos dados quali-quantitativos e identificamos diferentes níveis de complexidade de pesquisa que relacionaram os mamíferos e plantações. Destacamos a importância da vegetação rasteira nas plantações, bem como da estrutura da paisagem na ocorrência da fauna. Realizamos algumas considerações sobre a ausência de princípios das certificações nos estudos e realizamos algumas análises críticas e implicações para a prática das unidades produtoras e para a ciência. No segundo capítulo, encontramos efeitos das plantações de eucalipto na riqueza e composição de mamíferos. Sugerimos que as plantações em idades iniciais foram as mais utilizáveis pelos mamíferos devido ao aspecto arbustivo do povoamento, gerando um efeito visual positivo na busca de abrigo, além da ocorrência de alguma vegetação rasteira de sub-bosque que fornecia recursos. No terceiro capítulo, identificamos que as diferenças de riqueza de mamíferos das plantações para a vegetação nativa apresentaram uma diminuição na estação seca, portanto sugerimos que as monoculturas auxiliaram na manutenção da fauna nas unidades de manejo, principalmente nas estações do ano menos favoráveis. Destacamos que estudos como este contribuem para o avanço do conhecimento voltado à conservação da natureza, além de gerarem resultados e conclusões que permitem auxiliar no planejamento sustentável das unidades de manejo compostas por monoculturas florestais.
Plantation forests of exotic species are increasing in Brazil and in the South American continent due to the demand for wood products in recent decades. The intensive management of these areas and their structural variation over time can directly reflect on the availability of habitats and resources in the ecosystem, affecting biodiversity. We developed this study integrated to the line of research on conservation of natural resources and structured it with the objective of advancing topics that relate forest plantations and mammals, considered organisms that perform important ecosystem functions, with several taxa threatened with extinction, in addition to being an example of a group affected by planted forests. We present three chapters: a systematic review and two experimental articles carried out in forest management units. In the review, we highlighted quali-quantitative data and identified different levels of research complexity that related mammals and forest plantations. We highlight the importance of the undergrowth in the plantations, as well as the landscape structure in the occurrence of fauna. We made some considerations about the absence of certification principles in the studies and carried out some critical analyzes and implications for the practice of production units and for science. In the second chapter, we find effects of eucalyptus plantations on the richness and composition of mammals. We suggest that plantations at early ages were the most usable by mammals due to the shrubby aspect of the stand, generating a positive visual effect in the search for shelter, in addition to the occurrence of some understory that provided resources. In the third chapter, we identified that the differences in mammal richness from eucalyptus plantations to native vegetation showed a decrease in the dry season, so we suggest that monocultures helped to maintain the fauna in the management units, especially in the less favorable seasons. We emphasize that studies such as this one contribute to the advancement of knowledge focused on nature conservation, in addition to generating results and conclusions that can help in the sustainable planning of management units composed of forest monocultures.
Plantation forests of exotic species are increasing in Brazil and in the South American continent due to the demand for wood products in recent decades. The intensive management of these areas and their structural variation over time can directly reflect on the availability of habitats and resources in the ecosystem, affecting biodiversity. We developed this study integrated to the line of research on conservation of natural resources and structured it with the objective of advancing topics that relate forest plantations and mammals, considered organisms that perform important ecosystem functions, with several taxa threatened with extinction, in addition to being an example of a group affected by planted forests. We present three chapters: a systematic review and two experimental articles carried out in forest management units. In the review, we highlighted quali-quantitative data and identified different levels of research complexity that related mammals and forest plantations. We highlight the importance of the undergrowth in the plantations, as well as the landscape structure in the occurrence of fauna. We made some considerations about the absence of certification principles in the studies and carried out some critical analyzes and implications for the practice of production units and for science. In the second chapter, we find effects of eucalyptus plantations on the richness and composition of mammals. We suggest that plantations at early ages were the most usable by mammals due to the shrubby aspect of the stand, generating a positive visual effect in the search for shelter, in addition to the occurrence of some understory that provided resources. In the third chapter, we identified that the differences in mammal richness from eucalyptus plantations to native vegetation showed a decrease in the dry season, so we suggest that monocultures helped to maintain the fauna in the management units, especially in the less favorable seasons. We emphasize that studies such as this one contribute to the advancement of knowledge focused on nature conservation, in addition to generating results and conclusions that can help in the sustainable planning of management units composed of forest monocultures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Conservação da natureza, Mamíferos, Eucalipto, Monitoramento ambiental, Florestas, Forest plantations, Mammals, Plantation age, Seasonality, Systematic review