Flexibilidade cognitiva em crianças do Ensino Fundamental: os desafios de quebra-cabeças como instrumentos de intervenção
Carregando...
Data
2022-03-09
Autores
Cincoto, Bianca Vitti
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Educação Básica está presente por um longo período na vida dos sujeitos e é nesse ciclo que ocorrem os maiores desenvolvimentos humanos, como, por exemplo: o desenvolvimento das chamadas funções executivas, que, se bem desenvolvidas, podem auxiliar o indivíduo em sua caminhada escolar e social. A flexibilidade cognitiva é uma das habilidades relacionadas às funções executivas e ela é o foco principal desta pesquisa. Seu objetivo geral é verificar se os desafios de quebra-cabeças são eficazes na estimulação da flexibilidade cognitiva, e os objetivos específicos são avaliá-la em discentes do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental e aplicar o produto educacional “Fora da caixa da montagem: desafios de quebra-cabeças para estimulação da flexibilidade cognitiva”. Para isso, participaram 10 estudantes, com aproximadamente 10 anos de idade, de uma turma de 5º ano de uma instituição de ensino privada do interior de São Paulo. Eles foram submetidos a 34 oficinas de quebra-cabeças durante aproximadamente 3 meses, a fim de verificar uma possível melhoria nos desempenhos em relação à flexibilidade cognitiva. O Teste de Trilhas (parte A e B), foi aplicado pré e pós-oficinas. Tendo o caráter de pesquisa-ação interventiva com características quanti e qualitativas, os resultados mostraram que 100% dos participantes melhoraram na parte B, com uma média de 43%, e um aumento nas pontuações gerais de 23% em comparação a um aumento de tempo de apenas 4,9%, ou seja; os participantes foram mais assertivos em menos tempo na segunda aplicação do Trilhas. Assim, a hipótese inicial desta pesquisa foi confirmada. As estimulações com jogos de quebra-cabeças são benéficas para o desenvolvimento da flexibilidade cognitiva e o produto educacional criado (ebook), que teve suas fichas utilizadas nas oficinas, pode contribuir para nortear a prática dos profissionais da área de educação e demais interessados pelo assunto.
Basic education has been present for a long period in the individuals’ lives and is responsible for most human development such as the improvement of the so-called executive functions, which, properly developed, can help the individual in his scholar and social journey. Cognitive flexibility is one of the skills among executive functions and it is the main focus of this research, which aims to verify if the puzzle challenges are effective in stimulating cognitive flexibility, and the specific objectives consist in evaluating the cognitive flexibility of 5th grade students of Elementary School, and apply the educational product “Out of the mounting box: puzzle challenges to stimulate cognitive flexibility”. For this, ten 5th grade students, approximately 10 years old, from a private educational institution in the interior of São Paulo state participated. They were submitted to 34 puzzle workshops, for approximately 3 months, to verify probable improvement in the performances, concerning cognitive flexibility. The Trail Test (part A and B) was applied before and after the workshops. Having the character of interventional action research with quantitative and qualitative characteristics, an advance can be observed between the results of the two applications of the tests, checking that 100% of the participants improved in part B, with an average of 43%, and an increase of 23% in overall scores, compared to a time increase of only 4.9%. In other words, the participants were more assertive in a shorter period of time in the second application of the trails. Thus, the initial hypothesis of this research was confirmed. The stimulations with puzzle games are beneficial for the development of cognitive flexibility and the educational product created (ebook), whose files were used in the workshops, can contribute to guide the professionals´ practice in the educational field, and also others who are interested in the subject.
Basic education has been present for a long period in the individuals’ lives and is responsible for most human development such as the improvement of the so-called executive functions, which, properly developed, can help the individual in his scholar and social journey. Cognitive flexibility is one of the skills among executive functions and it is the main focus of this research, which aims to verify if the puzzle challenges are effective in stimulating cognitive flexibility, and the specific objectives consist in evaluating the cognitive flexibility of 5th grade students of Elementary School, and apply the educational product “Out of the mounting box: puzzle challenges to stimulate cognitive flexibility”. For this, ten 5th grade students, approximately 10 years old, from a private educational institution in the interior of São Paulo state participated. They were submitted to 34 puzzle workshops, for approximately 3 months, to verify probable improvement in the performances, concerning cognitive flexibility. The Trail Test (part A and B) was applied before and after the workshops. Having the character of interventional action research with quantitative and qualitative characteristics, an advance can be observed between the results of the two applications of the tests, checking that 100% of the participants improved in part B, with an average of 43%, and an increase of 23% in overall scores, compared to a time increase of only 4.9%. In other words, the participants were more assertive in a shorter period of time in the second application of the trails. Thus, the initial hypothesis of this research was confirmed. The stimulations with puzzle games are beneficial for the development of cognitive flexibility and the educational product created (ebook), whose files were used in the workshops, can contribute to guide the professionals´ practice in the educational field, and also others who are interested in the subject.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Flexibilidade cognitiva, Funções executivas, Jogos de quebra-cabeças, Teste de trilhas, Cognitive flexibility, Executive functions, Puzzle games, Trail test, Cognição, Quebra-cabeças, Jogos educativos