Construção de conceitos de física moderna e sobre a natureza da ciência com o suporte da hipermídia
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Data
2006-01-01
Autores
Machado, D.I.
Nardi, Roberto [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Física
Resumo
Apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a construção de conceitos de Física Moderna e sobre a natureza da Ciência com o apoio da hipermídia, que envolveu a produção e avaliação de um software educacional. A proposta didática fundamentou-se na Teoria da Aprendizagem de Ausubel, em orientações para a implementação de sistemas hipermídia educacionais e em abordagens derivadas da pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências, dentre as quais o enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, ponderações quanto à importância pedagógica da História e Filosofia da Ciência e considerações sobre a inserção de Física Moderna no Ensino Médio. O programa foi avaliado por pesquisadores de Ensino de Física e licenciandos de Física e, após a incorporação de algumas sugestões realizadas, foi testado por estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública. Obtiveram-se indícios de que o uso do computador foi fator de motivação dos estudantes; a diversidade de elementos de mídia auxiliou-os a fixar a atenção sobre o conteúdo e favoreceu a visualização e interpretação dos fenômenos, facilitando ainda o raciocínio; o hipertexto estruturado em conformidade com princípios ausubelianos contribuiu para a percepção da relação entre os conceitos e ajudou no desenvolvimento de subsunçores para apoiar a aprendizagem subseqüente. Constatou-se que a proposta didática avaliada favoreceu a evolução das concepções da maior parte dos estudantes quanto ao conceito de equivalência massa-energia e suas implicações; às relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, incluindo aspectos ambientais e políticos; ao papel da Ética no desenvolvimento e aplicação dos conhecimentos científicos; ao progresso da Ciência ao longo do tempo.
The results of a research that involves production and evaluation of a hypermedia about concept development of Modern Physics and the nature of Science are presented. The didactic proposal was based in Ausubel's Learning Theory, on orientations for the implementation of educational hypermedia systems and also took into account results of research in Science Teaching, such as, Science-Technology-Society, reflections on the pedagogical importance of the History and Philosophy of Science and considerations about Modern Physics insertion in high school. The hypermedia was evaluated by a group of Physics Teaching researchers and in training (for Physics Teaching) undergraduate students. After some of the suggestions made in this study were introduced in the system, it was tested with a group of third-year students of a public high school. The information obtained shows that the use of the computer was a motivating factor for the students. The diversity of elements of the software helped them to maintain interest in the content and also contributed to the visualization and interpretation of phenomena, thus, facilitating their reasoning. The hypermedia, structured in accordance with ausubelian principles, contributed to their perception of concepts relationships and helped them to develop subsumers to support their subsequent learning. The results show that this type of instruction facilitates the evolution of the conceptions most of the student held before, related to: the concept of mass-energy equivalence and its implications; the relationships between Science, Technology and Society and their environmental and political implications; the role of Ethics in the development and application of scientific knowledge and the evolution of Science.
The results of a research that involves production and evaluation of a hypermedia about concept development of Modern Physics and the nature of Science are presented. The didactic proposal was based in Ausubel's Learning Theory, on orientations for the implementation of educational hypermedia systems and also took into account results of research in Science Teaching, such as, Science-Technology-Society, reflections on the pedagogical importance of the History and Philosophy of Science and considerations about Modern Physics insertion in high school. The hypermedia was evaluated by a group of Physics Teaching researchers and in training (for Physics Teaching) undergraduate students. After some of the suggestions made in this study were introduced in the system, it was tested with a group of third-year students of a public high school. The information obtained shows that the use of the computer was a motivating factor for the students. The diversity of elements of the software helped them to maintain interest in the content and also contributed to the visualization and interpretation of phenomena, thus, facilitating their reasoning. The hypermedia, structured in accordance with ausubelian principles, contributed to their perception of concepts relationships and helped them to develop subsumers to support their subsequent learning. The results show that this type of instruction facilitates the evolution of the conceptions most of the student held before, related to: the concept of mass-energy equivalence and its implications; the relationships between Science, Technology and Society and their environmental and political implications; the role of Ethics in the development and application of scientific knowledge and the evolution of Science.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ausubel, construtivismo, ensino Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, ensino de Física, hipermídia, Física Moderna, Ausubel, constructivism, Science-Technology-Society teaching, Physics teaching, hypermedia, modern physics
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física. Sociedade Brasileira de Física, v. 28, n. 4, p. 473-485, 2006.