Efeito da solarização e do brometo de metila sobre a comunidade de fungos do solo
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Data
2006-06-01
Autores
Venâncio, Wilson Story
Bueno, César Júnior
Souza, Nilton Luiz de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia
Resumo
A microbiota do solo é de grande importância no desenvolvimento de culturas. Os métodos de controle, químico (brometo de metila) e físico (solarização), alteram essa microbiota. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o comportamento da comunidade de fungos em solo solarizado e fumigado (brometo de metila). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos (solarização, brometo de metila e testemunha) e sete repetições. A comunidade de fungos do solo foi avaliada de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, em três momentos (antes, durante e após a solarização) com amostras coletadas de três profundidades (0-5; 10-15 e 20-25 cm). Durante a solarização ocorreu uma redução na comunidade de fungos do solo, em termos quantitativos, em todas as camadas amostradas. No entanto, essa diminuição foi mais significativa na camada superficial (0-5cm). em termos qualitativos, a solarização reduziu também o número de diferentes espécies de fungos do solo, mas na camada de 20-25 cm, essa diminuição foi a zero aos 56 dias de avaliação. A recolonização da microbiota do solo, em termos quantitativos, foi maior no tratamento com brometo de metila do que nos demais. Entretanto, esse aumento não foi o mesmo em termos qualitativos. Nos tratamentos solarizado e testemunha, o aumento na comunidade de fungos do solo foi acompanhado pela diversificação de espécies fúngicas.
Soil microbial community is of great importance for the crop development. However, the methods of control, chemical (methyl bromide) and physical (soil solarization), change such community. The present work aimed to study the behaviour of the community of fungi in solarized and fumigated (methyl bromide) soils. The experimental design was randomized in complete blocks, with 3 treatments (soil solarization, methyl bromide, and control) and 7 replications. The soil fungi community was evaluated in both, a quantitative and qualitative way during 3 periods (before, during and after solarization) through soil samples collected from 3 depths (0-5; 10-15, and 20-25 cm). During soil solarization, a reduction of the soil fungi community, quantitatively, occurred in all layers evaluated. However, the decrease was more significant in the superficial layer. Soil solarization also reduced the number of different species of fungi, qualitatively, but in the layer of 20-25 cm the decrease was to zero after 56 days of evaluation. The soil microbial re-colonization was quantitatively larger for the treatment with methyl bromide by comparing to the other treatments. However, qualitatively, the increase was not the same. The increase of the soil microbial re-colonization in the solarized and control treatments was accompanied by diversification of fungal species.
Soil microbial community is of great importance for the crop development. However, the methods of control, chemical (methyl bromide) and physical (soil solarization), change such community. The present work aimed to study the behaviour of the community of fungi in solarized and fumigated (methyl bromide) soils. The experimental design was randomized in complete blocks, with 3 treatments (soil solarization, methyl bromide, and control) and 7 replications. The soil fungi community was evaluated in both, a quantitative and qualitative way during 3 periods (before, during and after solarization) through soil samples collected from 3 depths (0-5; 10-15, and 20-25 cm). During soil solarization, a reduction of the soil fungi community, quantitatively, occurred in all layers evaluated. However, the decrease was more significant in the superficial layer. Soil solarization also reduced the number of different species of fungi, qualitatively, but in the layer of 20-25 cm the decrease was to zero after 56 days of evaluation. The soil microbial re-colonization was quantitatively larger for the treatment with methyl bromide by comparing to the other treatments. However, qualitatively, the increase was not the same. The increase of the soil microbial re-colonization in the solarized and control treatments was accompanied by diversification of fungal species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Recolonização microbiana, controle físico, controle químico, Microbial re-colonization, physical control, chemical control
Como citar
Summa Phytopathologica. Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, v. 32, n. 2, p. 183-185, 2006.