Formação de classes ordinais após a aprendizagem de seqüências independentes
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Data
2006-04-01
Autores
Verdu, Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida [UNESP]
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
Lopes Junior, Jair [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
PPgPsi-UFRN
Resumo
A aquisição de relações ordinais entre estímulos arbitrários é uma importante habilidade comportamental, requisito para a aprendizagem de comportamentos acadêmicos, especialmente a alfabetização. O propósito deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do ensino de seqüências de dois termos com sobreposição na emergência de relações ordinais com mais de dois estímulos. A sobreposição ocorre quando o último estímulo em uma seqüência de dois estímulos é o primeiro de outra seqüência (e.g., S1 -> S2 e S2 ->S3, onde S2 é o estímulo sobreposto). Nas Etapas 1 e 2 de um experimento conduzido com cinco estudantes do ensino fundamental foram ensinadas seqüências de dois termos com os cinco estímulos de um conjunto A (A1 -> A2, A2 -> A3, A3 -> A4, A4 ->A5) e os cinco de um conjunto B (B1 -> B2, B2 ->B3, B3 -> B4, B4 -> B5). Estabelecida essa linha de base, foram conduzidos testes da emergência de relações ordinais com três, quatro e cinco termos dos conjuntos A e B, separadamente. A Etapa 3 avaliou se estímulos das seqüências ensinadas eram mutuamente substituíveis, com base na mesma função ordinal (primeiro, secundo, etc.). Os estudantes compuseram as relações ordinais ensinadas e apresentaram relações ordinais emergentes com estímulos dos conjuntos A e B, separadamente. Três estudantes também realizaram a substituição mútua entre estímulos dos conjuntos A e B na Etapa 3. Esses resultados sugerem a formação de cinco classes de estímulos (A1B1, A2B2, etc.), cada uma consistindo de estímulos que ocuparam a mesma função ordinal em diferentes seqüências. Os resultados têm implicações para a análise de comportamento simbólico complexo. Merecem consideração, também, aspectos metodológicos que favoreceram a aprendizagem relacional e a emergência de comportamento novo.
The acquisition of ordinal relations between arbitrary stimuli is an important behavioral skill required in learning academic behaviors and literacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching overlapping adjacent two-term sequences on the emergence of ordinal relations with more than two stimuli. Overlapping occurs when the last stimulus in one sequence of two stimuli is the first stimulus in another sequence (e.g., S1 -> S2 and S2 -> S3, where S2 is the overlapped stimulus). Two-term sequences were taught in Phases 1 and 2 of an experiment conducted with five first grade students. Sequences A were taught with stimuli from sets A (A1 -> A2, A2 -> A3, A3 -> A4, A4 -> A5) and Sequences B with stimuli from set B (B1 -> B2, B2 -> B3, B3 -> B4, B4 -> B5). Once this baseline was established, tests verified the emergence of ordinal relations with three, four and five stimuli from sets A and B, separately. Phase 3 evaluated if stimuli from Sequences A and B were substitutable one for one another, on the basis of the same ordinal functions (the first, the second, etc.). The students learned all trained ordinal relations and showed the emergence of new (and longer) ordinal relations with stimuli of sets A and B stimuli, separately. Three students also showed substitutability between A and B stimuli in Phase 3. These findings suggest the formation of five stimuli classes, each one consisted of stimuli that occupied the same ordinal function in different sequences. These results suggest the emergence of five stimulus classes (A1B1, A2B2, etc), each one with stimuli that occupied the same ordinal function in different sequences. The results have implications for the analysis of complex symbolic behavior. Some methodological aspects seemed to have contributed for the occurrence of relational learning and the emergence of novel behavior.
The acquisition of ordinal relations between arbitrary stimuli is an important behavioral skill required in learning academic behaviors and literacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of teaching overlapping adjacent two-term sequences on the emergence of ordinal relations with more than two stimuli. Overlapping occurs when the last stimulus in one sequence of two stimuli is the first stimulus in another sequence (e.g., S1 -> S2 and S2 -> S3, where S2 is the overlapped stimulus). Two-term sequences were taught in Phases 1 and 2 of an experiment conducted with five first grade students. Sequences A were taught with stimuli from sets A (A1 -> A2, A2 -> A3, A3 -> A4, A4 -> A5) and Sequences B with stimuli from set B (B1 -> B2, B2 -> B3, B3 -> B4, B4 -> B5). Once this baseline was established, tests verified the emergence of ordinal relations with three, four and five stimuli from sets A and B, separately. Phase 3 evaluated if stimuli from Sequences A and B were substitutable one for one another, on the basis of the same ordinal functions (the first, the second, etc.). The students learned all trained ordinal relations and showed the emergence of new (and longer) ordinal relations with stimuli of sets A and B stimuli, separately. Three students also showed substitutability between A and B stimuli in Phase 3. These findings suggest the formation of five stimuli classes, each one consisted of stimuli that occupied the same ordinal function in different sequences. These results suggest the emergence of five stimulus classes (A1B1, A2B2, etc), each one with stimuli that occupied the same ordinal function in different sequences. The results have implications for the analysis of complex symbolic behavior. Some methodological aspects seemed to have contributed for the occurrence of relational learning and the emergence of novel behavior.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
relações ordinais, classes de estímulos, comportamento simbólico, ensino fundamental, ordinal relations, stimulus classes, symbolic behavior, first grade
Como citar
Estudos de Psicologia (Natal). PPgPsi-UFRN, v. 11, n. 1, p. 87-99, 2006.