Impacto técnico e econômico das perdas de solo e nutrientes por erosão no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2011-06-01
Autores
Andrade, Nilo S. F. de
Martins Filho, Marcílio Vieira [UNESP]
Torres, José L. R.
Pereira, Gener Tadeu [UNESP]
Marques Júnior, José [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola (SBEA)
Resumo
O objetivo geral foi demonstrar o impacto técnico e econômico das perdas de solo e nutrientes por erosão no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Propôs-se avaliar as perdas de nutrientes por erosão (P, K, Ca e Mg), o custo de reposição de nutrientes e o de produção da cana em dois sistemas de colheita (cana crua e queimada) em Catanduva - SP, em área de 100 ha para cada sistema, formadas e colhidas no mesmo período (2002 a 2007), com similaridade quanto ao tipo de solo, variedade, topografia e numero de cortes. A metodologia baseou-se na equação universal da perda de solos e teoria dos custos de produção e de reposição de nutrientes. A maior perda de solo e de nutrientes por erosão ocorreu nas áreas de cana queimada; a cana queimada (corte manual), na média dos cinco cortes, perde 48,82% por hectare a mais de solo, 56,45 % de potássio (K) e 60,78 % de fósforo (P) do que a cana crua (corte mecanizado); o custo de reposição de nutrientes, em média, na cana queimada (R$ 33,92 ha-1 ano-1), foi superior ao da cana crua (R$ 21,12 ha-1 ano-1); a cana crua apresentou menor custo de produção (R$ 29,60 Mg-1) quando comparado à cana queimada (R$ 32,71 Mg-1); a cana crua apresentou maior retorno médio (R$ 5,70 Mg-1ano-1) com relação à cana queimada (R$ 2,59 Mg-1).
The general objective was to show the economic and technical impact in soil and nutrient loss through erosion in the cultivation of sugar cane. It was specifically to evaluate the nutrient loss through erosion (P, K, Ca and Mg), the cost of replacing the nutrients and the production of sugar cane in two harvesting systems (raw and burned sugar cane) in Catanduva, state of São Paulo, Brazil. An area of 100 ha was studied for each system, formed and harvested in the same period (2002 and 2007), with similarities in the type of soil, variety, topography, and the number of cuts. The methodology was based on the universal equation of soil loss and the theory of production costs and the replacement of nutrients. The greatest loss of soil nutrients and erosion occurred in the areas of the burned sugar cane; the burned sugar cane (cut by hand), the average of five cuts, losses 48.82% per hectare of land, 56.45% of potassium (K) and 60.78% of phosphorus (P) than the raw sugarcane (mechanical harvesting), the replacement cost of nutrients, on average, by the burned cane (R$ 33.92 ha-1 year-1) was higher that the raw sugarcane (R$ 21.12 ha-1 year-1), the raw sugar cane had lower production cost (R$ 29.60 Mg-1) compared to the burned sugar cane (R$ 32.71 Mg-1) ; the raw sugar cane had a higher average return (R$ 5.70 Mg-1year-1) with respect to the burned sugar cane (R$ 2.59 Mg-1).
The general objective was to show the economic and technical impact in soil and nutrient loss through erosion in the cultivation of sugar cane. It was specifically to evaluate the nutrient loss through erosion (P, K, Ca and Mg), the cost of replacing the nutrients and the production of sugar cane in two harvesting systems (raw and burned sugar cane) in Catanduva, state of São Paulo, Brazil. An area of 100 ha was studied for each system, formed and harvested in the same period (2002 and 2007), with similarities in the type of soil, variety, topography, and the number of cuts. The methodology was based on the universal equation of soil loss and the theory of production costs and the replacement of nutrients. The greatest loss of soil nutrients and erosion occurred in the areas of the burned sugar cane; the burned sugar cane (cut by hand), the average of five cuts, losses 48.82% per hectare of land, 56.45% of potassium (K) and 60.78% of phosphorus (P) than the raw sugarcane (mechanical harvesting), the replacement cost of nutrients, on average, by the burned cane (R$ 33.92 ha-1 year-1) was higher that the raw sugarcane (R$ 21.12 ha-1 year-1), the raw sugar cane had lower production cost (R$ 29.60 Mg-1) compared to the burned sugar cane (R$ 32.71 Mg-1) ; the raw sugar cane had a higher average return (R$ 5.70 Mg-1year-1) with respect to the burned sugar cane (R$ 2.59 Mg-1).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Harvesting system, Soil erosion, technical and economic erosion, sistemas de colheita, erosão do solo, Retorno técnico e econômico
Como citar
Engenharia Agrícola. Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, v. 31, n. 3, p. 539-550, 2011.