Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e de fatores de erosão em diferentes pedoformas
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Data
2009-01-01
Autores
Sanchez, Rodrigo Baracat [UNESP]
Marques Júnior, José [UNESP]
Souza, Zigomar Menezes de
Pereira, Gener Tadeu [UNESP]
Martins Filho, Marcílio Vieira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
As formas do relevo podem ser indicadores da variação dos atributos do solo, pois essa variabilidade é causada por pequenas alterações do declive que afetam os processos pedogenéticos bem como o transporte e o armazenamento de água no perfil do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Catanduva (SP), com o objetivo de caracterizar a variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e fatores de erosão em diferentes pedoformas sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. de acordo com o modelo de Troeh classificou-se as formas do relevo em duas pedoformas, côncava e convexa. Com a utilização de um DGPS levantaram-se as cotas altimétricas, estabelecendo-se uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 50 m, com 270 pontos na pedoforma côncava e 353 pontos na pedoforma convexa, perfazendo um total de 623 pontos, coletados na profundidade de 0,0 - 0,2 m em uma área de 200 ha. em cada ponto da malha foram determinados os atributos químicos do solo, granulometria, espessura do solo e fatores de erosão locais, tais como erosividade (R), erodibilidade (K), fator topográfico (LS), uso e manejo (C), práticas conservacionistas (P), potencial natural de erosão (PNE), perda de solo (A) e risco de erosão (RE). Os dados foram avaliados primeiramente por uma análise estatística exploratória, calculando-se a média, mediana, variância, coeficiente de variação, coeficiente de assimetria, coeficiente de curtose e teste de normalidade. Posteriormente, a dependência espacial foi verificada por meio da técnica de geoestatística utilizando-se semivariogramas. As maiores perdas de solo, risco de erosão e potencial natural de erosão e menor espessura do solo ocorreram na pedoforma convexa, indicando forte dependência espacial com a forma do relevo. A pedoforma côncava proporcionou maior variabilidade espacial, demonstrando que a forma do relevo condiciona padrões diferenciados de variabilidade. A magnitude da variabilidade dos atributos do solo é mais influenciada pela forma do relevo que pela erosão. A espessura do horizonte A+E integrado com a forma do relevo é um indicador de processos erosivos para classe de Argissolos.
Relief forms can be used as indicators of variability of soil attributes since this variability is caused by small slope alterations that affect pedogenetic processes such as the transport and storage of water in the soil. This work was developed at Catanduva (SP) and aimed to characterize the spatial variability of soil attributes and erosion factors in different landforms where sugarcane has been cropped. Relief forms were characterized as concave and convex according to the model of Troeh. Altimetric measurements were taken and a grid with regular intervals of 50 m was projected on the area. Two hundred seventy grid points were placed in the concave landform and 353 points in the convex landform, totaling 623 points. Soil was sampled at the depth of 0.0-0.2 m in an area of 200 ha. Soil chemical attributes, particle-size distribution, soil thickness and local erosion factors, such as erosivity (R), erodibility (K), relief (LS), use and management (C), conservation practices (P), natural potential of erosion (PNE), soil erosion (A) and erosion risk (RE), were measured. The results were firstly evaluated by exploratory statistical analysis, calculating average, median, variance, variation coefficient, kurtosis coefficient, skew coefficient and normality test. Subsequently, spatial dependence was verified through semivariograms. The greatest soil loss, erosion risk and natural erosion potential and minor soil thickness occurred in the convex landform, indicating strong spatial dependence on the relief form. The concave landform presented greater spatial variability, demonstrating that the relief form conditions differentiated standards of variability. The magnitude of the variability of the soil attributes is more affected by the relief forms than by erosion. The thickness of A+E horizon integrated with relief form is an indicator of erosion processes for Argissolos (argillic-B horizon soils).
Relief forms can be used as indicators of variability of soil attributes since this variability is caused by small slope alterations that affect pedogenetic processes such as the transport and storage of water in the soil. This work was developed at Catanduva (SP) and aimed to characterize the spatial variability of soil attributes and erosion factors in different landforms where sugarcane has been cropped. Relief forms were characterized as concave and convex according to the model of Troeh. Altimetric measurements were taken and a grid with regular intervals of 50 m was projected on the area. Two hundred seventy grid points were placed in the concave landform and 353 points in the convex landform, totaling 623 points. Soil was sampled at the depth of 0.0-0.2 m in an area of 200 ha. Soil chemical attributes, particle-size distribution, soil thickness and local erosion factors, such as erosivity (R), erodibility (K), relief (LS), use and management (C), conservation practices (P), natural potential of erosion (PNE), soil erosion (A) and erosion risk (RE), were measured. The results were firstly evaluated by exploratory statistical analysis, calculating average, median, variance, variation coefficient, kurtosis coefficient, skew coefficient and normality test. Subsequently, spatial dependence was verified through semivariograms. The greatest soil loss, erosion risk and natural erosion potential and minor soil thickness occurred in the convex landform, indicating strong spatial dependence on the relief form. The concave landform presented greater spatial variability, demonstrating that the relief form conditions differentiated standards of variability. The magnitude of the variability of the soil attributes is more affected by the relief forms than by erosion. The thickness of A+E horizon integrated with relief form is an indicator of erosion processes for Argissolos (argillic-B horizon soils).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soil-landscape relationships, relief forms, soil loss, Relação solo-paisagem, Formas de relevo, perda de solo
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 68, n. 4, p. 1095-1103, 2009.