Características agronômicas e composição química de oito híbridos de sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
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Data
2003-10-01
Autores
Pedreira, Márcio dos Santos [UNESP]
Reis, Ricardo Andrade [UNESP]
Berchielli, Telma Teresinha [UNESP]
Moreira, Andréia Luciane [UNESP]
Coan, Rogério Marchiori [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as características agronômicas, composição química das frações e da planta inteira de oito híbridos de sorgo, semeados em março de 2000, no sentido de contribuir para os programas de seleção de germoplamas resistentes aos efeitos das estiagens prolongadas e, ao mesmo tempo, apropriados ao processo de ensilagem. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos e três repetições, para avaliar os híbridos AG-2005, BR-700, MASSA-03, 498111, 65E3, 698005, 698007 e 699005. Não houve diferenças significativas entre produção de matéria seca (PMS) e proporção de folhas dos híbridos avaliados. A maior proporção de colmo (41,3%) foi observada no 498111 e a menor no MASSA-03 (28,9%). O híbrido 65E3 apresentou a maior proporção de panícula (43,2%) e o 498111 a menor (28,9%). Quanto à composição química da planta inteira, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os híbridos quanto aos teores de matéria seca, matéria mineral, hemicelulose, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente neutro, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). Os teores de proteína bruta variaram de 6,5 a 8,8%, fibra em detergente neutro de 57,0 a 70,3%, fibra em detergente ácido de 29,8 a 36,2%, celulose de 25,3 a 31,2% e lignina de 3,6 a 5,5%, sendo estatisticamente diferentes entre os híbridos. O 699005 apresentou o maior teor de carboidratos solúveis (14,5%), diferindo estatisticamente apenas do híbrido 698007 (9,6%). Os híbridos também mostraram diferenças na composição química das frações folhas, colmo e panícula. de forma geral, todos os híbridos apresentaram teores de matéria seca e carboidratos solúveis adequados ao processo de ensilagem. As produções médias de matéria seca dos híbridos (6,2 t/ha), foram altas considerando-se a baixa precipitação ocorrida durante o período experimental. A análise de Cluster sugeriu o agrupamento dos híbridos de maior PMS e menores porcentagens de panícula e NDT e híbridos de menor PMS, porém com maiores porcentagens de panícula e NDT.
This research was developed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition of the whole plants and their fractions of eight sorghum hybrids, to identify the adapted plants to dry environmental conditions and appropriated to silage production. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized block design, with eight treatments and three replications, to study the commercial hybrids AG-2005, BR-700 and MASSA-03, and the non commercial hybrids 498111, 65E3, 698005, 698007 and 699005. There were no significant differences among hybrids in relation to the plant height, dry matter production and leaf proportion, it was observed highest stem content (43.3%) in the 498111 hybrid and lowest in the MASSA-03 (29.9%). The 65E3 showed highest panicle contents (43.2%), however the lowest value was observed in the 498111 hybrid (28.9%). The contents of dry matter, ashes, hemicellulose, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and total digestible nutrients of the whole plant were similar among hybrids. It was observed different values of crude protein ( 6.5 to 8.8%), neutral detergent fiber (57.0 to 70.3%), acid detergent fiber (29.8 to 36.2%), cellulose (25.3 to 31.2%) and lignin (3.6 to 5.5%) of the hybrids. The content of soluble carbohydrates of hybrid 699005 (14.5%) was higher than the 698007 (9.6%). The hybrids showed differences on chemical composition of the leaf, stem, and panicle fractions. The dry matter and soluble carbohydrates contents of all hybrids were appropriate to the ensilage process. The average dry matter yield of all hybrids was 6.2 t/ha. This value was high considering the low rainfall during the experimental period. The Cluster analyses suggest a group of the sorghum hybrids with higher dry matter production (DMP), lower panicle percentage, and TDN content, and others with lower DMP, but higher panicle percentage, and TDN values.
This research was developed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition of the whole plants and their fractions of eight sorghum hybrids, to identify the adapted plants to dry environmental conditions and appropriated to silage production. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized block design, with eight treatments and three replications, to study the commercial hybrids AG-2005, BR-700 and MASSA-03, and the non commercial hybrids 498111, 65E3, 698005, 698007 and 699005. There were no significant differences among hybrids in relation to the plant height, dry matter production and leaf proportion, it was observed highest stem content (43.3%) in the 498111 hybrid and lowest in the MASSA-03 (29.9%). The 65E3 showed highest panicle contents (43.2%), however the lowest value was observed in the 498111 hybrid (28.9%). The contents of dry matter, ashes, hemicellulose, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and total digestible nutrients of the whole plant were similar among hybrids. It was observed different values of crude protein ( 6.5 to 8.8%), neutral detergent fiber (57.0 to 70.3%), acid detergent fiber (29.8 to 36.2%), cellulose (25.3 to 31.2%) and lignin (3.6 to 5.5%) of the hybrids. The content of soluble carbohydrates of hybrid 699005 (14.5%) was higher than the 698007 (9.6%). The hybrids showed differences on chemical composition of the leaf, stem, and panicle fractions. The dry matter and soluble carbohydrates contents of all hybrids were appropriate to the ensilage process. The average dry matter yield of all hybrids was 6.2 t/ha. This value was high considering the low rainfall during the experimental period. The Cluster analyses suggest a group of the sorghum hybrids with higher dry matter production (DMP), lower panicle percentage, and TDN content, and others with lower DMP, but higher panicle percentage, and TDN values.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
morphological composition, water soluble carbohydrates, Yield, carboidratos solúveis, Produção, composição morfológica
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 32, n. 5, p. 1083-1092, 2003.