Citogenética do javali em criatórios comerciais das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil
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Data
2003-11-01
Autores
Miranda, Lenícy Lucas de
Lui, Jeffrey Frederico [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Resumo
O desenvolvimento da criação de javalis no Brasil encontra dificuldades tais como a obtenção de animais puros (2n = 36), isto é, que não sejam descendentes do cruzamento do javali com o porco doméstico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram a caracterização citogenética do javali (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) e a determinação da freqüência cariotípica dos diferentes grupos genéticos. Foram estudados um total de 1.308 javalis de três grupos genéticos provenientes de criatórios comerciais das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, de ambos os sexos e com idade entre 5,5 a 30 meses. Os animais apresentaram número diplóide (2n) de 36 cromossomos (46,71%), de 37 (39,68%) e de 38 cromossomos (13,61%). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística por meio do Teste Exato de Fisher. Na técnica de bandamento C, todos os cromossomos dos animais analisados dos três números diplóides apresentaram banda C positiva na região do centrômero e apenas o cromossomo Y mostrou-se quase inteiramente heterocromático. Já no bandamento NOR, dois pares de metacêntricos foram corados nas constrições secundárias próximas ao centrômero, correspondendo aos pares 7 e 10 nos animais 2n = 36, 37 e 38. A presença de um cromossomo submetacêntrico médio t (15; 17), formado por fusão robertsoniana nos animais com 2n = 37 pode diferenciar javalis híbridos, puros e javaporcos, visto que são fenotipicamente muito parecidos.
Wild boar breeding in Brazil frequently faces difficulties, such as the acquisition of pure animals (2n = 36), that is, which are not descendants of the wild boar and domestic swine crossings. The purposes of this work were the cytogenetic characterization of the wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) and the determination of the karyotypic frequency of different genetic groups. One thousand, three hundred and eight wild boars from three genetic groups from the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil were studied. The sample consisted of male and female animals aged 5.5 to 30 months. They showed a diploid number (2n) of 36 (46.71%), 37 (39.68%) and 38 (13.61%) chromosomes. The data were submitted to statistical analysis through the Fisher's Exact Test. According to the C banding technique, all the chromosomes of the analyzed animals with three diploid numbers showed positive C band at the centromere region and only chromosome Y was almost entirely heterochromatic. However, in NOR banding, two pairs of metacentric chromosomes were stained at the secondary constrictions close to the centromere, corresponding to pairs 7 and 10 in 2n = 36, 37 and 38 animals. The presence of a medium submetacentric chromosome t (15; 17), formed by robertsonian fusion in the animals with 2n = 37 can differentiate hybrid pure wild boars and from javaporcos as they are phenotypically very similar.
Wild boar breeding in Brazil frequently faces difficulties, such as the acquisition of pure animals (2n = 36), that is, which are not descendants of the wild boar and domestic swine crossings. The purposes of this work were the cytogenetic characterization of the wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) and the determination of the karyotypic frequency of different genetic groups. One thousand, three hundred and eight wild boars from three genetic groups from the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil were studied. The sample consisted of male and female animals aged 5.5 to 30 months. They showed a diploid number (2n) of 36 (46.71%), 37 (39.68%) and 38 (13.61%) chromosomes. The data were submitted to statistical analysis through the Fisher's Exact Test. According to the C banding technique, all the chromosomes of the analyzed animals with three diploid numbers showed positive C band at the centromere region and only chromosome Y was almost entirely heterochromatic. However, in NOR banding, two pairs of metacentric chromosomes were stained at the secondary constrictions close to the centromere, corresponding to pairs 7 and 10 in 2n = 36, 37 and 38 animals. The presence of a medium submetacentric chromosome t (15; 17), formed by robertsonian fusion in the animals with 2n = 37 can differentiate hybrid pure wild boars and from javaporcos as they are phenotypically very similar.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sus scrofa, Crossbreeding, chromosomes, Selection, Polymorphism, Sus scrofa, cruzamento, Cromossomos, Seleção, Polimorfismo
Como citar
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Informação TecnológicaPesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 38, n. 11, p. 1289-1295, 2003.