Estimativa do balanço térmico por radiação em vacas Holandesas expostas ao sol e à sombra em ambiente tropical
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Data
1999-01-01
Autores
Silva, Roberto Gomes da [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
É apresentado um método para a estimativa do balanço térmico por radiação em vacas da raça Holandesa expostas ao sol e sob a sombra em uma pastagem, com o objetivo de estabelecer um padrão morfológico mais adequado para esses animais em região tropical. O método envolve a determinação das características do pelame (área de superfície de malhas negras, espessura da capa, comprimento e diâmetro dos pêlos, número de pêlos por unidade de área), temperatura da superfície da capa e da epiderme e variáveis ambientais (irradiância solar, temperatura do ar e de globo, vento). Foi determinada a quantidade de radiação de ondas curtas efetivamente transmitida através do pelame e que atinge as camadas profundas da epiderme. Demonstrou-se, por intermédio de um exemplo prático, que as áreas de pelame negro apresentaram balanço radiante mais elevado que as áreas brancas, mas estas últimas possuiam maior transmissividade para a radiação de ondas curtas. Animais predominantemente negros foram melhor protegidos contra a radiação de ondas curtas que os predominantemente brancos, especialmente quando a capa de pelame é pouco espessa (até 4 a 7 mm), mais adequada para ambientes tropicais.
A method is presented to estimate the radiation heat balance of Holstein cows exposed to sun and under shade of a pasture, to contribute with a morphological characteristics better adequate for these animals in a tropical environment. The methods involved the haircoat characteristics (surface area of black spots, coat thickness, hair length, hair diameter, number of hairs per unit of area), skin and coat surface temperatures and environmental variables (solar irradiance, wind speed, air and globe temperatures). The amount of shortwave energy which effectively is transmitted through the haircoat and that reach deply the epiderms layers was obtained. It was demonstrated by a practical example that the black areas of the coat presented higher radiation heat balance than that of the white areas, but those had greater transmissivity for shortwave radiation. Predominantly black cows were better protected against shortwave radiation than the white ones, especially if the animals presented thin (4 to 7 mm or less) haircoats, the most suitable for tropical environments.
A method is presented to estimate the radiation heat balance of Holstein cows exposed to sun and under shade of a pasture, to contribute with a morphological characteristics better adequate for these animals in a tropical environment. The methods involved the haircoat characteristics (surface area of black spots, coat thickness, hair length, hair diameter, number of hairs per unit of area), skin and coat surface temperatures and environmental variables (solar irradiance, wind speed, air and globe temperatures). The amount of shortwave energy which effectively is transmitted through the haircoat and that reach deply the epiderms layers was obtained. It was demonstrated by a practical example that the black areas of the coat presented higher radiation heat balance than that of the white areas, but those had greater transmissivity for shortwave radiation. Predominantly black cows were better protected against shortwave radiation than the white ones, especially if the animals presented thin (4 to 7 mm or less) haircoats, the most suitable for tropical environments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hair coat, Holstein cow, radiation balance, balanço térmico, Pelame, radiação, Vacas holandesas
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 28, n. 6, p. 1403-1411, 1999.