Sobrevivência de fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo, em microcosmo, simulando solarização com prévia incorporação de materiais orgânicos
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Data
2009-02-01
Autores
Ambrósio, Márcia Michelle de Queiroz
Júnior Bueno, César
Padovani, Carlos Roberto [UNESP]
Souza, Nilton Luiz de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia
Resumo
Os fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo podem sobreviver por vários anos nesse ambiente por meio de estruturas de resistência, causando perdas em muitas culturas, por vezes, inviabilizando o pleno aproveitamento de vastas áreas agrícolas. O uso de materiais orgânicos no solo consorciado com a técnica de solarização propicia a retenção de compostos voláteis fungitóxicos emanados da rápida degradação dos materiais e que são letais a vários fitopatógenos. O objetivo deste experimento foi à prospecção de novos materiais orgânicos que produzissem voláteis fungitóxicos capazes de controlar fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo, em condições de associação com a simulação da técnica de solarização (microcosmo). Portanto, o presente trabalho consistiu de seis tratamentos (Solarizado; Solarizado+Brócolos; Solarizado+Eucalipto; Solarizado+Mamona; Solarizado+Mandioca e Laboratório) e cinco períodos (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias) para avaliar a sobrevivência de quatro fungos de solo (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Raça 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii). em cada uma das duas câmaras de vidro (microcosmo) por dia avaliado continha uma bolsa de náilon contendo as estruturas de resistência de cada fitopatógeno. Estruturas dos fitopatógenos foram mantidas também em condições de laboratório como referencial de controle. Todos os materiais quando associados à simulação da solarização propiciaram o controle de todos os fitopatógenos estudados, entretanto, foi observado variação no controle dos fungos. O tratamento que apenas simulou a solarização não controlou nenhum fitopatógeno.
Soilborne phytopathogenic fungi can survive for several years in Laboratory) and five periods (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) to evaluate soil through resistance structures and it causes losses in several crops the survival of four soil fungi (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici making unfeasible vast agricultural areas. Organic materials associated race 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI with soil solarization helps the retention of volatile fungitoxic and Sclerotium rolfsii). A nylon bag containing structures of each compounds from the degradation of materials which are lethal to pathogen was placed in each one of the two glass cameras (microcosm) several soil fungi. The objective of this experiment was to search for for each evaluated period. Structures of the fungi were also maintained new organic materials that produce volatile fungitoxic compounds in laboratory conditions as the check treatment. All materials when capable to control the resistance structures produced by the soilborne associated the simulation of the soil solarization gave the best control phytopathogenic fungi but in conditions of association with simulation of the structures of all the studied soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. of soil solarization (microcosm). The present work consisted of six However, variation was observed in the control of the fungi. The treatments (Solarization; Solarization+brocollis; Solarization + treatment which only simulated the solarization did not control any eucalyptus; Solarization+castor plants; Solarization + cassava and fungus.
Soilborne phytopathogenic fungi can survive for several years in Laboratory) and five periods (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) to evaluate soil through resistance structures and it causes losses in several crops the survival of four soil fungi (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici making unfeasible vast agricultural areas. Organic materials associated race 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI with soil solarization helps the retention of volatile fungitoxic and Sclerotium rolfsii). A nylon bag containing structures of each compounds from the degradation of materials which are lethal to pathogen was placed in each one of the two glass cameras (microcosm) several soil fungi. The objective of this experiment was to search for for each evaluated period. Structures of the fungi were also maintained new organic materials that produce volatile fungitoxic compounds in laboratory conditions as the check treatment. All materials when capable to control the resistance structures produced by the soilborne associated the simulation of the soil solarization gave the best control phytopathogenic fungi but in conditions of association with simulation of the structures of all the studied soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. of soil solarization (microcosm). The present work consisted of six However, variation was observed in the control of the fungi. The treatments (Solarization; Solarization+brocollis; Solarization + treatment which only simulated the solarization did not control any eucalyptus; Solarization+castor plants; Solarization + cassava and fungus.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
controle alternativo, decomposição acelerada, fungos fitopatogênicos, estruturas de resistência, alternative control, accelerated fermentation, soilborne phytopathogenic fungi, resistance structures
Como citar
Summa Phytopathologica. Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, v. 35, n. 1, p. 20-25, 2009.