Beneficiamento de sementes de café e efeitos na qualidade física
Carregando...
Data
2008-12-01
Autores
Giomo, Gerson Silva
Nakagawa, João [UNESP]
Gallo, Paulo Boller
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de verificar a possibilidade de uso da máquina de pré-limpeza, da máquina de limpeza e classificação (ventiladores e peneiras) e da mesa densimétrica para o beneficiamento de sementes de café e, paralelamente, avaliar seus efeitos na qualidade física do lote. Para essa finalidade, um lote de sementes de café arábica 'Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62' foi submetido ao beneficiamento nesses três equipamentos, em diversas combinações. As frações retidas pelas peneiras 22/64 e 20/64 avos de polegada, na máquina de ventiladores e peneiras, constituíram a maior parte do lote e foram processadas, separadamente, em mesa densimétrica. Foram realizadas avaliações de pureza física, massa de mil sementes, peso hectolítrico, teor de água, tipos de sementes predominantes e integridade do endocarpo. Observou-se que: a) A máquina de pré-limpeza, a máquina de ventiladores e peneiras e a mesa densimétrica foram eficientes para a homogeneização do lote de sementes de café, proporcionando obtenção de melhor qualidade física na seqüência operacional em que foram utilizadas de forma conjugada; b) O uso de peneiras com crivos oblongos e crivos circulares, intercaladas na máquina de ventiladores e peneiras, possibilitou a separação de sementes mocas, de sementes com resíduos de exocarpo aderidos ao endocarpo e de sementes desprovidas de endocarpo, melhorando a aparência do lote; c) A mesa densimétrica foi o equipamento que proporcionou melhor separação de sementes com endocarpo danificado, bem como alterações favoráveis à qualidade física do lote; d) As sementes pequenas, retidas nas menores peneiras da máquina de ventiladores e peneiras, e as sementes de menor massa específica, classificadas ou não por tamanho e coletadas na descarga inferior da mesa densimétrica, foram as de baixa qualidade física.
The need of more suitable information concerning coffee seeds processing led to the present research whose objectives were to verify the possibility of using the pre-cleaning machine, air-screen cleaner and gravity table for separate coffee seed lots into fractions according to the physical seeds characteristics and to study their effects on physical seed quality. One seed lot of 'Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62' was processed by several operational sequences in a pre-cleaning machine, in an air-screen cleaner and in a gravity table, according to technical recommendations for seed processing. The fractions retained over the screens with 22/64 and 20/64 inch circular holes of the air-screen cleaner were processed separately in the gravity table. The seeds were evaluated in the laboratory as to their purity, weight of thousand seeds, weight of hectoliter, moisture content, predominant seed types and endocarp integrity. It was observed that: a) The pre-cleaning machine, the air-screen cleaner and the gravity table were effective for separating and classifying coffee seed lots into homogeneous size classes, promoting the best seed quality in the complete sequence of the processing; b) The air-screen cleaner with oblong hole screens and cleaner with circular hole screens promoted the separation of peaberry seeds, seeds with exocarp fragments and seeds without endocarp, improving the appearance and physical quality of the coffee seed lot; c) The gravity table promoted better separation of seeds with damaged endocarp, improving favorable alterations in the physical seed characteristics and improving quality of the seed lot; d) The small seeds retained by screens with smallest holes of the air-screen cleaner and the light seeds, classified or not by size and discharged on the lowest spout of the gravity table, showed inferior physical quality.
The need of more suitable information concerning coffee seeds processing led to the present research whose objectives were to verify the possibility of using the pre-cleaning machine, air-screen cleaner and gravity table for separate coffee seed lots into fractions according to the physical seeds characteristics and to study their effects on physical seed quality. One seed lot of 'Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62' was processed by several operational sequences in a pre-cleaning machine, in an air-screen cleaner and in a gravity table, according to technical recommendations for seed processing. The fractions retained over the screens with 22/64 and 20/64 inch circular holes of the air-screen cleaner were processed separately in the gravity table. The seeds were evaluated in the laboratory as to their purity, weight of thousand seeds, weight of hectoliter, moisture content, predominant seed types and endocarp integrity. It was observed that: a) The pre-cleaning machine, the air-screen cleaner and the gravity table were effective for separating and classifying coffee seed lots into homogeneous size classes, promoting the best seed quality in the complete sequence of the processing; b) The air-screen cleaner with oblong hole screens and cleaner with circular hole screens promoted the separation of peaberry seeds, seeds with exocarp fragments and seeds without endocarp, improving the appearance and physical quality of the coffee seed lot; c) The gravity table promoted better separation of seeds with damaged endocarp, improving favorable alterations in the physical seed characteristics and improving quality of the seed lot; d) The small seeds retained by screens with smallest holes of the air-screen cleaner and the light seeds, classified or not by size and discharged on the lowest spout of the gravity table, showed inferior physical quality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, sementes, classificação, qualidade física, Coffea arabica, seeds, grading, physical seed quality
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 67, n. 4, p. 997-1010, 2008.