Beneficiamento de sementes de café e efeitos na qualidade fisiológica
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Data
2008-12-01
Autores
Giomo, Gerson Silva
Nakagawa, João [UNESP]
Gallo, Paulo Boller
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
Considerando-se a escassez de informações sobre o beneficiamento mecanizado de sementes de café, realizou-se este trabalho para estudar seus efeitos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de café arábica. Um lote de sementes de 'Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62' foi submetido à ação de máquina de pré-limpeza, máquina de ventiladores e peneiras e mesa densimétrica, em diversas combinações, e as sementes foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e ao vigor (envelhecimento acelerado, emergência de plântulas, altura e massa de matéria seca de plântulas e mudas). O teor de água das sementes também foi determinado. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e o teste de Tukey a 5% para comparação de médias. Concluiu-se que: a) a qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi aprimorada à medida que o lote passou por equipamentos específicos no beneficiamento, culminando com a melhor qualidade na seqüência operacional em que o lote foi submetido à ação da máquina de ventiladores e peneiras e mesa densimétrica; b) a mesa densimétrica, associada à máquina de ventiladores e peneiras, foi o equipamento que proporcionou a melhor separação de materiais que interferem negativamente na qualidade fisiológica das sementes; c) as sementes maiores e/ou mais pesadas tiveram qualidade fisiológica superior, e as sementes mocas graúdas, qualidade fisiológica similar à das sementes chatas graúdas; d) o descarte das frações do lote constituídas por sementes pequenas ou de menor densidade possibilitou a obtenção de lotes homogêneos e com alta qualidade fisiológica, favorecendo a obtenção de mudas mais vigorosas.
The objective of this research was to obtain more suitable information concerning coffee seed processing in the air-screen machines and gravity table, studying their effects on the physiological seed quality. One coffee seed lot of the Yellow Catuaí IAC 62 cultivar was processed in a precleaner machine, in an air-screen cleaner and in a gravity table, working in several sequences and combinations, according to technical recommendations for seed processing. The seeds were evaluated as to their physiological quality by the germination test, accelerated aging test, seedling emergence, height and weight of dry matter of seedlings and young plants. The seed moisture was determined at the beginning of the evaluations. The statistical design was randomized blocks with four replications. Mean comparisons were done by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability. It was concluded that: a) physiological seed quality was improved by specific equipments in the several phases of processing, with the best seed quality, obtained with complete operational sequence, where the lot was submitted to the action of the air-screen cleaner and gravity table; b) the gravity table, associated with air-screen cleaner, was effective in removing debris from the seed lot, improving the physiological seed quality; c) larger or denser seeds had superior physiological performance than small sizeor lowdensity seeds, and the large pea berry seeds presented physiological quality similar to the large flat seeds; d) discart of smallest or lightest seeds to improved the physiological seed quality, resulting in homogeneous, and high quality seed lots, and more vigorous young plants.
The objective of this research was to obtain more suitable information concerning coffee seed processing in the air-screen machines and gravity table, studying their effects on the physiological seed quality. One coffee seed lot of the Yellow Catuaí IAC 62 cultivar was processed in a precleaner machine, in an air-screen cleaner and in a gravity table, working in several sequences and combinations, according to technical recommendations for seed processing. The seeds were evaluated as to their physiological quality by the germination test, accelerated aging test, seedling emergence, height and weight of dry matter of seedlings and young plants. The seed moisture was determined at the beginning of the evaluations. The statistical design was randomized blocks with four replications. Mean comparisons were done by the Tukey test at 5 % of probability. It was concluded that: a) physiological seed quality was improved by specific equipments in the several phases of processing, with the best seed quality, obtained with complete operational sequence, where the lot was submitted to the action of the air-screen cleaner and gravity table; b) the gravity table, associated with air-screen cleaner, was effective in removing debris from the seed lot, improving the physiological seed quality; c) larger or denser seeds had superior physiological performance than small sizeor lowdensity seeds, and the large pea berry seeds presented physiological quality similar to the large flat seeds; d) discart of smallest or lightest seeds to improved the physiological seed quality, resulting in homogeneous, and high quality seed lots, and more vigorous young plants.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica L., sementes, classificação, germinação, vigor, Coffea arabica L., seeds, grading, germination, vigor
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 67, n. 4, p. 1011-1020, 2008.