Cátions hidrossolúveis na parte aérea de culturas anuais mediante aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície
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Data
2007-02-01
Autores
Soratto, Rogério Peres [UNESP]
Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A eficiência da calagem superficial pode ser melhorada por meio de compostos orgânicos hidrossolúveis liberados por resíduos vegetais. No entanto, não se sabe se os teores desses compostos nos resíduos das culturas podem ser modificados pela aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos das aplicações de calcário e gesso em superfície sobre os teores de cátions solúveis nos resíduos vegetais das culturas de arroz, feijão e aveia-preta. O experimento foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de Botucatu (SP). O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 1.100, 2.700 e 4.300 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas, pela aplicação ou não de 2.100 kg ha-1 de gesso agrícola. Para as culturas de verão foi utilizado esquema de parcela subsubdividida. As subsubparcelas foram constituídas por dois cultivares de arroz de terras altas (Caiapó e IAC 202), no ano agrícola 2002/03, e dois cultivares de feijão (Pérola e Carioca), em 2003/04. A aveia-preta foi cultivada no inverno dos dois anos, utilizando apenas o cultivar Comum. Os teores de cátions solúveis na parte aérea das culturas de arroz, feijão e aveia-preta foram alterados pela aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície. A gessagem em superfície aumentou os teores solúveis de Ca e reduziu o de Mg na parte aérea das culturas, principalmente nas primeiras safras após a aplicação. A calagem aumentou os teores de cátions solúveis na parte aérea de todas as culturas. As culturas do feijão e da aveia-preta apresentaram maiores teores de cátions solúveis nos resíduos da parte aérea, avaliados no florescimento.
Surface liming efficiency can be increased through water-soluble organic compounds released by plant residues. However, it is unknown if the contents of these compounds in crop residues can be modified by lime and phosphogypsum surface applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of lime and phosphogypsum surface applications on the content of water-soluble cations in crop residues of rice, common bean and black oat. The experiment was carried out on a Haplorthox located in Botucatu County, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized complete block design, in a split-plot scheme and four replications was used. The plots consisted of four dolomitic limestone levels (0; 1,100; 2,700; and 4,300 kg ha-1). The subplots were represented by the presence or absence of phosphogypsum application (2,100 kg ha-1). For the summer crops a split-split-plot scheme was used. The subsubplots were constituted by two upland rice cultivars (Caiapó and IAC 202), in the growing season of 2002/03, and two common bean cultivars (Carioca and Pérola), in the 2003/2004 growing season. In the winter season of 2003 and 2004, black oat was grown on the entire area, using only one cultivar. The water-soluble cation content in rice shoots, common bean and black oat crops were affected by lime and phosphogypsum surface applications. Surface application of phosphogypsum increased Ca and decreased Mg water-soluble contents in crop shoots, mainly in the first years of cultivation. Surface liming increased the water-soluble cation contents in all crop shoots. The highest water-soluble cation contents in shoot residues were measured in common bean and black oat during flowering.
Surface liming efficiency can be increased through water-soluble organic compounds released by plant residues. However, it is unknown if the contents of these compounds in crop residues can be modified by lime and phosphogypsum surface applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of lime and phosphogypsum surface applications on the content of water-soluble cations in crop residues of rice, common bean and black oat. The experiment was carried out on a Haplorthox located in Botucatu County, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized complete block design, in a split-plot scheme and four replications was used. The plots consisted of four dolomitic limestone levels (0; 1,100; 2,700; and 4,300 kg ha-1). The subplots were represented by the presence or absence of phosphogypsum application (2,100 kg ha-1). For the summer crops a split-split-plot scheme was used. The subsubplots were constituted by two upland rice cultivars (Caiapó and IAC 202), in the growing season of 2002/03, and two common bean cultivars (Carioca and Pérola), in the 2003/2004 growing season. In the winter season of 2003 and 2004, black oat was grown on the entire area, using only one cultivar. The water-soluble cation content in rice shoots, common bean and black oat crops were affected by lime and phosphogypsum surface applications. Surface application of phosphogypsum increased Ca and decreased Mg water-soluble contents in crop shoots, mainly in the first years of cultivation. Surface liming increased the water-soluble cation contents in all crop shoots. The highest water-soluble cation contents in shoot residues were measured in common bean and black oat during flowering.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
resíduo vegetal, acidez do solo, calagem, gessagem, plantio direto, plant residue, soil acidity, liming, phosphogypsum application, no-tillage
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 31, n. 1, p. 81-90, 2007.