Lesões desportivas na ginástica artística: estudo a partir de morbidade referida
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Data
2008-10-01
Autores
Hoshi, Rosangela Akemi [UNESP]
Pastre, Carlos Marcelo [UNESP]
Vanderlei, Luiz Carlos Marques [UNESP]
Netto Júnior, Jayme [UNESP]
Bastos, Fábio do Nascimento [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: Os níveis de exigência biomecânica devidos ao alto grau de dificuldade na realização de gestos fazem da ginástica artística (GA) uma modalidade com elevado risco de lesões. Assim, é necessário que os aspectos a elas relacionados sejam controlados. OBJETIVO: Analisar a ocorrência de lesões na Ginástica Artística, associando-as a fatores de risco específicos da modalidade e do atleta, a partir de inquérito de morbidade referida. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistados 54 ginastas, recrutados ao acaso, classificados segundo o nível competitivo em duas categorias: regional e nacional. Utilizou-se o inquérito de morbidade referida (IMR) com a finalidade de reunir dados sobre a natureza da lesão, região corporal e aparelho ginástico. Os dados foram organizados e apresentados sob a forma de distribuição de freqüências e as variáveis, analisadas segundo nível de associação a partir do teste de Goodman para contrastes entre populações multinomiais, considerando significante o valor P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Presença de lesão durante a temporada foi relatada por 39 (71,70%) atletas, sendo 22 (56,41%) mulheres e 17 (43,59%) homens. Nas categorias regional masculino e feminino e nacional feminino, a maior ocorrência de lesões foi de origem articular, correspondendo a 55,56%, 50% e 45,45% do total, respectivamente. Para o sexo feminino nacional, os membros inferiores foram os mais referidos (68,18%) e, em ambas as categorias, as lesões ocorreram nos aparelhos de saltos (79,41%), enquanto que no sexo masculino nacional o maior número de agravos foi verificado nos aparelhos de apoio e suspensão (72%). CONCLUSÕES: Há elevada freqüência de lesões, acometendo principalmente articulações e membros inferiores, sendo os aparelhos de saltos os mais referidos quanto à ocorrência de acometimentos. Foi observado também que, quanto maiores as exigências de desempenho técnico, maior a freqüência de lesões.
INTRODUCTION: The levels of biomechanical demands due to the high level of difficulty in the gestures accomplishment make Artistic Gymnastics (AG) a modality with high risk of injuries. Thus, it is necessary that the aspects concerned with them are controlled. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of injuries in artistic gymnastics, associating them with specific risk factors of the modality and of the athlete from reported morbidity survey. METHODS: 54 gymnasts randomly recruited have been interviewed and classified according to their competitive level into two categories: regional and national. The reported morbidity questionnaire (RMQ) was used with the purpose to collect data on the injury's nature, body region and gymnastic apparatus. Data were organized and presented under frequency distribution and analyzed variables. The variables were analyzed according to their level of association from the Goodmann's test for contrasts between multinomials populations considering significant value p<0.05. RESULTS: 39 (71.70%) athletes have reported injury during the season, being 22 of them (56.41) women and 17 (43.59%) men. In the regional male and female categories and in the national female, the largest reported occurrence of injuries was articular, corresponding to 55.56%, 50% and 45.45% of the total, respectively. For the national female category, the lower limbs were the most affected (68.18%). In female, the most frequent injuries occurred in the jumps (79.41%), while in national male the highest number of complaints has been reported in the support and suspension moves (72%). CONCLUSIONS: There is high frequency of injuries, especially in the joints and lower limbs, being the jump events the most mentioned concerning occurrence. It has also been observed that the higher the level of demand, the higher the occurrence of injuries.
INTRODUCTION: The levels of biomechanical demands due to the high level of difficulty in the gestures accomplishment make Artistic Gymnastics (AG) a modality with high risk of injuries. Thus, it is necessary that the aspects concerned with them are controlled. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of injuries in artistic gymnastics, associating them with specific risk factors of the modality and of the athlete from reported morbidity survey. METHODS: 54 gymnasts randomly recruited have been interviewed and classified according to their competitive level into two categories: regional and national. The reported morbidity questionnaire (RMQ) was used with the purpose to collect data on the injury's nature, body region and gymnastic apparatus. Data were organized and presented under frequency distribution and analyzed variables. The variables were analyzed according to their level of association from the Goodmann's test for contrasts between multinomials populations considering significant value p<0.05. RESULTS: 39 (71.70%) athletes have reported injury during the season, being 22 of them (56.41) women and 17 (43.59%) men. In the regional male and female categories and in the national female, the largest reported occurrence of injuries was articular, corresponding to 55.56%, 50% and 45.45% of the total, respectively. For the national female category, the lower limbs were the most affected (68.18%). In female, the most frequent injuries occurred in the jumps (79.41%), while in national male the highest number of complaints has been reported in the support and suspension moves (72%). CONCLUSIONS: There is high frequency of injuries, especially in the joints and lower limbs, being the jump events the most mentioned concerning occurrence. It has also been observed that the higher the level of demand, the higher the occurrence of injuries.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
traumatismo em atletas, fatores de risco, epidemiologia analítica, athletic injuries, risk factors, analytical studies
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, v. 14, n. 5, p. 440-445, 2008.