ANÁLISE DESCRITIVA QUANTITATIVA da AGUARDENTE DE CANA DURANTE O ENVELHECIMENTO em TONEL DE CARVALHO (Quercus alba L.)
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Data
1998-05-01
Autores
Cardello, Helena Maria André Bolini [UNESP]
Faria, João Bosco [UNESP]
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos
Resumo
Apesar da importância econômica e social da aguardente de cana brasileira, são ainda muito escassos os estudos sobre sua qualidade sensorial, porém as crescentes exigências do mercado, tem feito crescer a preocupação com a qualidade dessa bebida. A aguardente de cana é muito apreciada por seu aroma e sabor característicos, que podem ainda melhorar pelo envelhecimento em recipientes de madeira. O complexo processo que ocorre durante o envelhecimento depende além de vários fatores, do tipo de madeira empregada, do tempo de maturação e obviamente da qualidade inicial do destilado. A análise descritiva quantitativa, metodologia muito aplicada na caracterização dos atributos sensoriais de alimentos e bebidas, foi utilizada neste trabalho para estudar o perfil sensorial da aguardente de cana, durante o envelhecimento, em toneis de carvalho. Nesse sentido, foram analisadas amostras de aguardente envelhecidas durante zero, 12, 24, 36 e 48 meses em um tonel de carvalho de 200 litros e duas amostras comerciais, sendo uma delas envelhecida. Dezesseis provadores pré-selecionados através de testes triangulares e análise sequencial, geraram pelo método rede (Kelly's Repertory Grid Method), os termos descritores das aguardentes. Após a etapa de treinamento, foram selecionados 10 provadores com base em seu poder de discriminação, repetibilidade e concordância com a equipe no uso de escalas. As amostras foram então apresentadas e avaliadas pelos provadores, em cabines individuais de forma monádica, com quatro repetições. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de médias de Tukey e à Análise de Componentes Principais. Os termos descritores escolhidos em consenso pelos membros da equipe sensorial foram: coloração amarela, aroma alcoólico, aroma de madeira, aroma de baunilha, doçura inicial, doçura residual, sabor alcóolico inicial, sabor alcóolico residual, sabor de madeira inicial, sabor de madeira residual, sabor agressivo, adstringente e ácido. Os resultados obtidos revelaram mudanças significativas (p£0,05) das características sensoriais da aguardente ao longo do envelhecimento. Após 48 meses em tonel de carvalho, a bebida apresentou aroma de madeira, doçura inicial e residual, aroma de baunilha, coloração amarela, gosto inicial e residual de madeira pronunciados, sendo os descritores o aroma alcoólico, agressividade, sabor inicial e residual de álcool, significativamente inferiores aos das demais amostras.
Besides its economical and social importance, there are very few studies, about the Brazilian sugar cane spirit, or cachaça, quality. This Brazilian beverage is very quite appreciate by its typical aroma and flavor, that can be improved by aging in wood recipes. The complex process that occurs during the aging depends, among various things, on the wood utilized to made the cask, the aging time, and of course the initial distillate quality. In order to study the sensorial profile or the sugar cane spirit aged in oak casks, samples corresponding to zero, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months, aging in a 200 liters oak cask, and two commercial brands, were submitted to the descriptive quantitative analysis methodology. An initial group of 16 members, pre-selected by triangular tests and sequential analysis, had created according to the Kelly's Repertory Grid Method, the descriptive terms for the aged sugar cane spirit. After a training period, the group was reduced to 10 members, based on its discriminant power, reproducibility and agreement among judges. Then the samples were tested by this selected group in individual cabins, in monadic form with four repetition, and the results submitted to analysis of variance, Tukey's tests and principal component analysis. The descriptors selected for the aged sugar cane spirit were: woody aroma, vanilla aroma, alcohol aroma, yellow coloration, initial sweetness, sweetness aftertaste, initial woody flavor, wood flavor aftertaste, agressivity, astringency and sour. The results showed significant changes in the cachaça sensorial characteristics during the aging period (p£0,05). After 48 months the aged product showed pronounced woody aroma, initial sweetness, sweetness aftertaste, vanilla aroma, yellow coloration, initial woody flavor and woody flavor aftertaste. The aged sample showed alcohol aroma, agressivity, initial alcohol flavor and alcohol flavor aftertaste, significativelly lower than the others samples analyzed
Besides its economical and social importance, there are very few studies, about the Brazilian sugar cane spirit, or cachaça, quality. This Brazilian beverage is very quite appreciate by its typical aroma and flavor, that can be improved by aging in wood recipes. The complex process that occurs during the aging depends, among various things, on the wood utilized to made the cask, the aging time, and of course the initial distillate quality. In order to study the sensorial profile or the sugar cane spirit aged in oak casks, samples corresponding to zero, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months, aging in a 200 liters oak cask, and two commercial brands, were submitted to the descriptive quantitative analysis methodology. An initial group of 16 members, pre-selected by triangular tests and sequential analysis, had created according to the Kelly's Repertory Grid Method, the descriptive terms for the aged sugar cane spirit. After a training period, the group was reduced to 10 members, based on its discriminant power, reproducibility and agreement among judges. Then the samples were tested by this selected group in individual cabins, in monadic form with four repetition, and the results submitted to analysis of variance, Tukey's tests and principal component analysis. The descriptors selected for the aged sugar cane spirit were: woody aroma, vanilla aroma, alcohol aroma, yellow coloration, initial sweetness, sweetness aftertaste, initial woody flavor, wood flavor aftertaste, agressivity, astringency and sour. The results showed significant changes in the cachaça sensorial characteristics during the aging period (p£0,05). After 48 months the aged product showed pronounced woody aroma, initial sweetness, sweetness aftertaste, vanilla aroma, yellow coloration, initial woody flavor and woody flavor aftertaste. The aged sample showed alcohol aroma, agressivity, initial alcohol flavor and alcohol flavor aftertaste, significativelly lower than the others samples analyzed
Descrição
Palavras-chave
aguardente de cana, envelhecimento, análise descritiva quantitativa, cachaça, sugar cane spirit, aging, descriptive quantitative analysis, cachaça
Como citar
Food Science and Technology (Campinas). Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, v. 18, n. 2, p. 169-175, 1998.