Artigos - Engenharia Agronômica - Registro

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Evaluation of population dynamics of Macrobrachium olfersii (Palaemonidae) along ~150 km extension of the Lower Ribeira de Iguape River, São Paulo, Brazil
(2023-01-01) Ribeiro, Crislene C. [UNESP]; Braga, Adriane A.; Miranda, Esthephany K. S. [UNESP]; Bertini, Giovana [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Center of Exact Natural and Health Sciences-Federal University of Espírito Santo
This study aimed to verify the spatial and temporal population parameters of Macrobrachium olfersii over of ~150 km of the Ribeira de Iguape River (SP). Prawns were collected monthly (January to December 2007) in Eldorado, Sete Barras, Registro, and Iguape, using traps and sieves. We analyzed 9,691 individuals with carapace length (CL) from 2.2 to 25.4mm. In our results, smaller individuals were found close to the estuary, i.e., Iguape, whereas larger individuals were recorded as they moved away from the estuary. Reproduction was continuous but more intense in the summer, when temperature and rainfall were higher. The total sex ratio differed from the expected favoring males (1:0.73), and this deviation was also observed in Eldorado, Registro, and Iguape. Female sexual maturity was at 10.9 mm CL, without significant variation along the river. The regions closer to the estuary (Iguape/ Registro) presented lower CL and longevity, and higher k, due to the greater number of juveniles. In conclusion, the results suggest that the variation in size, recruitment, sexual maturity, and growth of individuals are related to the population structure along ~150 km of the river, and are triggered by the upstream migration of juveniles after larval development, which takes place in the estuarine region
Soil-applied nitrogen uptake by young olive cultivars intercropped or not with Paspalum notatum
(2023-08-01) Hindersmann, Jacson; Tassinari, Adriele; Trentin, Edicarla; Mallmann, Fábio Joel Kochem; Trapp, Talita; Stefanello, Lincon Oliveira; Tabaldi, Luciane Almeri; Aguilar, Marcos Vinícius Miranda; Loss, Arcângelo; Paula, Betania Vahl de; Santos, Eduardo Maciel Haitzmann dos [UNESP]; Trevisan, Renato; Costa, Vagner Brasil; Brunetto, Gustavo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)
Nitrogen (N) applications can be made in orchards to meet the N demand of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), which may differ between cultivars. But part of the N in the fertilizer may be taken up by ground cover plant species, which can be native, such as Paspalum notatum (P. notatum), derived from the Pampa biome in South America and present in olive orchards. The study aimed to evaluate the recovery and distribution of N fertilizer by olive cultivars, grown alone and intercropped with P. notatum. Young plants of olive cultivars 'Arbosana', 'Coratina' and 'Picual', with and without intercropping with P. notatum, were grown in pots with sandy soil for 16 months. Urea enriched with 10% excess atoms of 15N (0.32 g N vase−1) was applied. Dry matter production and total N and 15N values in soil and plant organs were evaluated. Photosynthetic and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were determined. Fertilizer-derived N (Ndff), soil-derived N (Ndfs) and fertilizer-derived N recovery were calculated. The highest values of recovery of applied N were observed in the organs of olive trees grown without the presence of P. notatum. Ndff applied to the soil surface was accumulated mainly in the leaves and roots of olive trees. The recovery of applied N in cultivars 'Arbosana', 'Picual' and 'Coratina' were low, not exceeding 15% of the N supplied. P. notatum showed a great ability to compete with olive trees for mineral forms of N available in the soil. This is because it decreased growth and N in organs of the olive cultivars.
Phaseolus lunatus L.: pulse seeds phenotype image analysis
(2023-01-01) de Jesus Dantas, Saulo [UNESP]; Torres, Maria Fernanda Oliveira; Silva-Mann, Renata [UNESP]; Vargas, Pablo Forlan [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)
The locally cultivated creole varieties of Phaseolus lunatus are adapted to specific climatic and environmental conditions. Family farmers and local communities preserve and multiply their seeds over generations, promoting genetic diversity, food and nutritional security, and agricultural sustainability. This species has great geno-phenotypic diversity, which can be harnessed in breeding programs if accurately characterized. We evaluated the phenotypic variations of P. lunatus seeds from 13 varieties in three states (Sergipe, Bahia, and Alagoas) using image analysis. We estimated the weight of 100 seeds using a precision analytical balance and obtained morphometric measurements, including area, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter, using Groundeye (TBit®) imaging equipment and software. We also recorded dominant color and RGB color system descriptors. The morphometric variables underwent variance analysis using the F-test, and the means were clustered using the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. The data underwent Pearson Correlation Analysis (t-Student at 5%), were grouped based on dissimilarity using the UPGMA method, and were represented in a dendrogram. We also performed Principal Component Analysis on the evaluated characteristics. The dominant color of the seeds was predominantly orange in nine varieties. Morphometry showed a positive and significant association. The dendrogram revealed two homogeneous and distinct groups, and the first two principal components accounted for 86.80% of the genotypic variation. Therefore, high-resolution images for phenotypic characterization of creole lima bean seeds are a promising non-destructive tool for selection purposes.
Proposition of critical levels of nutrients in citrus leaves, grown in a subtropical climate, for fresh market fruit production
(2023-07-01) Krug, Amanda Veridiana; Papalia, Daniéle Gonçalves; Marques, Ana Luiza de Lima; Hindersmann, Jacson; Soares, Vanessa Marques; Grando, Douglas Luiz; Moura-Bueno, Jean Michel; Trapp, Talita; Rozane, Danilo Eduardo [UNESP]; Natale, William; Brunetto, Gustavo; Federal University of Santa Maria; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of Ceará
Critical levels (CL) and sufficiency ranges (SR) of nutrients in citrus leaves for fruit production for fresh market consumption may help in defining the real need for fertilizer application in orchards, such as those located in tropical and subtropical soils, which have low natural fertility. The study aimed to establish and compare the nutritional patterns obtained by the Composition Nutritional Diagnosis method (CND) in citrus grown for consumption for fresh, in a subtropical climate and then generate CL and SR in leaves. A database was used with fruit production and leaf nutrient contents obtained in the 2016/17, 2017/18, 2019/20 and 2020/21 harvests in non-irrigated commercial orange and tangerine orchards. The multivariate CND calculation method was used. The CND method was effective in diagnosing the nutritional status of citrus, regarding the concentration of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B in deficient, adequate and excessive concentrations. The CL calculated were 18, 1.2, 9.0, 25, 2.8 and 3.0 g kg−1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 117, 45, 97, 66 and 19 mg kg−1 of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The existing recommendation in the regional recommendation guide for citrus may be overestimating the need for application of the micronutrients. The SRs established from the CND index are different from those obtained in other countries and regions. Multi-nutrient associations were more effective than single nutrient analysis in expressing that limitation of a particular element can reduce citrus productivity. The adoption of the nutritional standards for macronutrients obtained may allow the rational use of fertilizers in citrus orchards, with an improvement in the nutritional balance of the plants, which will consequently have greater yields.
Retrieving records of a rare and threatened shark in a mosaic of marine-protected areas of southeastern Brazil
(2023-01-01) Santos, Paulo R. S. [UNESP]; Klafke, Kaliandra; Gadig, Otto B. F. [UNESP]; Garrone-Neto, Domingos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Centro de Profissionalização e Educação Técnica
In this study the authors use the Fishers ecological knowledge (FEK) from the south coast of the São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil, to recover records of Atlantic nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), a threatened with extinction species, in a mosaic of marine-protected areas (MPAs) of the south coast of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil, in the southernmost distribution of the species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. For half a century, in the study area only one male of G. cirratum was officially recorded, in 1967. Retrieving records from artisanal fishers, recreational anglers, fishing guides and spearfishers added 30 more records of G. cirratum, including 2 recent captures (February/2022 and May/2022), especially around coastal islands that are covered by MPAs. Two uncommon fishing techniques, but which provided the highest number of records for the species, were documented. These are fishing nets and small longlines adapted for fishing close to the rocks, being an apparently traditional activity of a few natives of the region. As Brazil has a long history of intense catches of threatened elasmobranchs and problems with fisheries monitoring, the consideration of the FEK in the fisheries monitoring carried out by the authorities can be useful to promote improvements in data collection, especially of rare and endangered species such as G. cirratum. The strengthening of the protection of the MPAs and the articulation of research and management institutions with native people and tourists who use these areas should also be considered.
Flavonoid index and dry matter yield and essential oil of Sphagneticola trilobata (l.) Pruski according to the nitrogen dose and soil type
(2017-01-01) Francisco, D. [UNESP]; Godoy, L. J.G. [UNESP]; Soares, E. V.L. [UNESP]; Moreira, R. R.D. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The species Sphagneticola trilobata (L) Pruski, a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, native to Brazil, is popularly known as pseudo-arnica, margaridão, picão-da-praia or vedelia. Scientific studies have verified the contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antifungal and antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas pelargonii known as bacterial blight, mainly due to the presence of flavonoids. There are reports of larvicidal action against Aedes aegypti that transmits dengue and yellow fever. Yield and essential oil content of flavonoids in plants correlate with stress factors such as low nitrogen availability. The present work aimed to study the influence of nitrogen fertilization on two soil types in which the content of flavonoids and essential oil yield were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized 2x5 factorial design, with two soil types, Red-Yellow Latosol and Cambisol, and five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200), with eight replications. Experimental unit consisted of a vessel containing four stakes with 30 cm of Sphagneticola trilobata. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with the application of nitrogen doses. We concluded that the most appropriate dose of N for the production of dry matter of S. trilobata was 145 mg dm-3 for Cambisol and 136 mg dm-3 for the Red-Yellow Latosol. The absence of N promoted the highest rate of flavonoids in both soils. The most appropriate dose of N to the highest oil yield was 108 mg dm-3 for Cambisol.
Establishment of Potassium Reference Values Using Bayesian Models in Grapevines
(2022-11-01) Tassinari, Adriele; Dos Santos, Eduardo Maciel Haitzmann [UNESP]; Stefanello, Lincon Oliveira; Vitto, Beatriz Baticini; de Siqueira, Gustavo Nogara; Schwalbert, Raí Augusto; Ceretta, Carlos Alberto; Schwalbert, Raissa; Tiecher, Tadeu Luis; Ciotta, Marlise Nara; Hindersmann, Jacson; de Oliveira, Filipe Nunes; Baldi, Elena; Toselli, Moreno; Brunetto, Gustavo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); CCGL—Cooperativa Central Gaúcha Ltd.a.—Technology Unit; Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS); Company of Agriculture Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina (EPAGRI); University of Bologna
Critical levels (CL) of available potassium (K) in soils and leaves and maximum technical efficiency (MTE) doses are relevant information to define the best K fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of K in leaves and soil, using Bayesian analysis, in order to maximize grape yield and must quality of ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ grown in a subtropical climate. The vines were subjected to applications of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The CL and MTE doses of K, in leaves and soils, were determined using Bayesian hierarchical models. The range of probability of the occurrence of CL in leaves was 15.8 to 18.9 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.8 to 19.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at flowering. Moreover, the range was 15.3 to 18.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.1 to 18.2 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at veraison. In the soil, the CL of available K for ‘Chardonnay’ was 27.4 mg K kg−1 and for ‘Pinot Noir’ it was 23.2 mg K kg−1. The increase of K in leaves and soil increased the TSS, while the TTA decreased in both cultivars after sufficiency rate. The MTE was estimated in ‘Pinot Noir’. The proposition of CL and/or MTE doses of K can help increase the efficiency of K fertilization in vineyards.
Mating behavior of the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), as revealed by citizen science in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
(2022-01-01) Garla, Ricardo Clapis; Veras, Leonardo B.; Garrone-Neto, Domingos [UNESP]; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Museu dos Tubarões; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Introduction: Knowledge on the mating behavior and habitat requirements of large sharks, including the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris, is scarce, hampering conservation efforts. Objective: To describe an area in the Equatorial Atlantic used as a mating ground by N. brevirostris, as well as part of the species pre-copulatory behaviors based on citizen reports. Methods: Between 2004 and 2019, recreational divers, dive guides and rangers from the Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FEN) recorded courtship behaviour, females with mating scars, pregnant females, and adult males. Results: N. brevirostris was recorded mating in shallow waters (0.5-2 m deep) during the austral summer (December to March). A specific location in the MPA, Buraco da Raquel lagoon, was the main aggregation and mating site for adult N. brevirostris in FEN. Conclusions: Citizen science records allowed the identification of shallow waters as key sites for the reproduction of this shark in FEN. Results highlight the potential of citizen science contributions to knowledge of sharks in nature and show MPAs as essential for habitat conservation of sharks with decreasing populations along the Brazilian coast, such as N. brevirostris. We present management recommendations to protect N. brevirostris there and elsewhere.
Liming, fertilization and nutrition of star fruit trees: Review
(2022-01-01) de Lima Neto, Antonio João; Dos Santos, Eduardo Maciel Haitzmann; Natale, William; Rozane, Danilo Eduardo [UNESP]; Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG); Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); Federal University of Ceará (UFC); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Star fruit is an exotic fruit, originally from the topical regions of Asia, which found in Brazil adequate climatic conditions for its development, making it a prom-ising species for cultivation throughout the country. However, despite the favorable climate, soils in tropical regions are generally acidic and have low natural fertility. In addition, due to the perennial condition of the star fruit tree, its roots remain for several years exploring practically the same soil volume, which requires constant monitoring of soil fertility and the nutritional status of plants. Research results have proven that the star fruit tree is responsive to liming and fertilizer application, with productivity gains and improvements in fruit quality. However, to ensure positive re-sponses and success in agricultural activity, it is necessary that soil acidity correctors and fertilizers are applied in a technical and efficient manner based on the use of well-established agronomic tools, such as soil and leaf analysis. This review aims to gather information from studies, mainly those carried out in Brazil, on the nutritional requirements of star fruit trees, suggesting the best agronomic practices of soil fertility and nutrition of this fruit tree.
Horizontal and vertical spatial variability analysis of soil attributes and their relevance to natural park chico mendes, sp, brazil
(2019-01-01) Simonetti, Vanessa Cezar [UNESP]; Sabonaro, Débora Zumkeller; Lourenço, Roberto Wagner [UNESP]; Rosa, André Henrique [UNESP]; Da Cunha E Silva, Darllan Collins [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
Maintenance of environmental quality depends on intrinsic relationships between environmental compartments. Thus, the maintenance of preserved green spaces and proper soil management can contribute to quality of life of the population. Therefore, in this study was evaluated a spatial horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of the soil elements of the Natural Park Chico Mendes, from the perspective of the importance of urban parks for maintaining environmental quality and soil conservation. For this, three zones of the park with distinct phytophysiognomies were analysed, being conserved forest zone (ZMC); zone of forest (ZM) and zone of eucalyptus (ZE). The physicochemical analyses were extracted in depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, according to the methodologies of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and EMBRAPA. The data spatialization was performed in the software ArcGis by the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The results demonstrated the spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical attributes in different vegetation types of the park revealing that even areas with small extensions can show significant differentiation physico-chemical attributes, corroborating the importance of obtaining an appropriate soil management for the maintenance of environmental quality.
Draft Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Nardonella dryophthoridicola” Strain NARMHE1, Endosymbiont of Metamasius hemipterus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae)
(2022-11-01) Palmieri, Luciano; Pavarini, Ronaldo [UNESP]; Sharma, Prashant P.; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Here, we report the draft genome and annotation of “Candidatus Nardonella dryophthoridicola” strain NARMHE1, obtained via Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the ovaries of its host, the weevil Metamasius hemipterus, from a population from southeast Brazil.
Nitrogen Sources in Young Peach Trees in the Presence and Absence of Paspalum notatum Co-Cultivation
(2022-11-01) Paula, Betania Vahl de; Rozane, Danilo Eduardo [UNESP]; Santos, Eduardo Maciel Haitzmann dos [UNESP]; Vitto, Beatriz Baticini; Hindersmann, Jacson; Antunes, Luis Eduardo Correa; Nava, Gilberto; Loss, Arcângelo; Melo, George Wellington Bastos de; Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira; Brunetto, Gustavo; Federal University of Santa Maria; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)
Nitrogen (N) sources are applied to soils cultivated with peach trees. But, soil cover crops, as Paspalum notatum, a Pampa biome native species, commonly present in orchards, can absorb part of N, decreasing the amount used by peach trees. The study aimed to evaluate N absorption and physiological parameters of young peach trees cultivated in soil with the presence and absence of Paspalum notatum. The experiment was carried out for 180 days in a greenhouse, where N sources were applied to peach trees in the presence or absence of Paspalum notatum. Urea and organic compost were used. Dry matter, tissue N and physiological parameters were evaluated in peach trees. Dry matter and tissue N were evaluated in Paspalum notatum. Nitrogen in soil was evaluated. The N uptake by the peach trees with urea application, on average, was 32% higher than the N uptake by the peach trees in the control treatment or with organic compost, regardless of the presence or absence of Paspalum notatum. Cultivation with Paspalum notatum decreased N uptake by peach trees and, consequently, peach trees photosynthetic pigment content, and stimulated senescence anticipation in about 30 days. However, the total dry matter of peach trees cultivated with Paspalum notatum in any of the treatments applied was not modified. These results may guide new ways of co-cultivating cover crops and young peach trees.
Insecticidal activity of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula extracts and fractions free and microencapsulated
(2022-10-01) Cristina e Santos, Pamela [UNESP]; Granero, Filipe Oliveira [UNESP]; Junior, João Luis Bronzel [UNESP]; Pavarini, Ronaldo [UNESP]; Pavarini, Gláucia Maria Pereira [UNESP]; Chorilli, Marlus [UNESP]; Zambom, Carolina Reis [UNESP]; Silva, Luciana Pereira; Silva, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis (FEMA)
This study aimed to characterize T. erecta and T. patula extracts, develop a technique of encapsulation, evaluate insecticidal activity of extracts, fractions and liposomes containing fractions. Extracts were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS. Liposomes were prepared using Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measuring average size, polydispersion index and zeta potential. Insecticidal evaluation was performed applying extracts on S. frugiperda, and fractions and liposomes on S. zeamais. Characterization of extracts showed several flavonoids in both extracts and characterization by DLS showed formation of liposomes. In the evaluation of insecticidal activity on S. frugiperda, both extracts presented interference in larval viability. In the evaluation of insecticidal activity on S. zeamais, T. erecta Hex/AcOEt (50:50) fraction at 50 mg mL−1 presented 98.33% mortality at the 60th hour, and T. patula Hex/AcOEt (50:50) fraction at 50 mg mL−1 presented 100% mortality at the 48th hour, being these the greatest activities of each species at the lowest concentration and time. Fraction incorporated into liposomes did not present insecticidal activity (T. erecta fraction = 6.67%; T. patula fraction = 0.00%), demonstrating encapsulation efficacy. Therefore, evaluated extracts presented insectidical activity on the experimental models. Besides, liposomes containing fractions were formed and they interfered in insecticidal activity. Thus, these results provide information of T. erecta and T. patula extracts and fractions, and suggest a possible application in agricultural crops, as well as the use of liposomes technology to encapsulate bioactive compounds with insecticidal activity, supporting new studies.
Antiglycation, antioxidant, antiacne, and photoprotective activities of crude extracts and triterpene saponin fraction of Sapindus saponaria L. fruits: An in vitro study
(2022-09-01) Silva, Regildo M. G. [UNESP]; Martins, Gustavo R. [UNESP]; Nucci, Laura M.B. [UNESP]; Granero, Filipe O. [UNESP]; Figueiredo, Célia C.M. [UNESP]; Santiago, Patrícia S. [UNESP]; Silva, Luciana P.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Fundação Educacional Do Município de Assis
Objective: To evaluate the photoprotective, antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiacne activities of crude extract (CESs) and triterpene saponin fraction (TSSs) of Sapindus saponaria. Methods: HPLC-MS purification was performed on a Symmetry TM C18 column. The saponins were identified by a UV detector. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and O 2 - radicals scavenging, and FRAP and TBARS assays. Glycation activity was assessed by relative electrophoretic mobility and inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Additionally, antiacne activity was determined by inhibition of Cutibacterium acnes, and photoprotective effect was evaluated by Mansur's method. Results: Most of the triterpene saponins detected in the fraction by HPLC-MS analysis were hederagenin as the aglycon. CESs and TSSs presented varying antioxidant activity in DPPH (CESs: 75.69% and TSSs: 83.65%), FRAP (CESs: 425.39 μM TE/g DW and TSSs: 649.36 μM TE/g DW), TBARS (CESs: 42.96% and TSSs: 52.16%) and O 2 - radicals scavenging (CESs: 61.33% and TSSs: 86.69%) tests. CESs and TSSs also exhibited antiglycation activity comparable to bovine serum albumin treated with aminoguanidine. In addition, CESs and TSSs showed inhibition of AGE formation (34.48% and 61.85%, respectively). Antiacne activity against Cutibacterium acnes was observed with a minimum inhibitory concentration equal to minimum bactericidal concentration (CESs: 36.11 μg/mL and TSSs: 18.34 μg/mL). In photoprotective assays, CESs and TSSs showed maximum absorbance of 1.42 to 0.20 and 2.80 to 1.30, respectively, in the wavelength range of 260 to 400 nm. Furthermore, CESs and TSSs showed sun protection factors of 8.89 and 14.89, respectively. Conclusions: Sapindus saponaria fruit extracts show strong antioxidant potential and antiglycation activity against bovine serum albumin glycation and AGE formation. Besides, they presented antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and photoprotective effect against UV-A and UV-B.
Assessing the nutritional status of Southern Brazilian Eucalyptus plantations by the CND method
(Canadian Science Publishing, 2023-02-27) Squizani, Wagner; Paula, Betania Vahl de; Stefanello, Lincon; Rozane, Danilo Eduardo [UNESP]; Araujo, Elias Frank de; Natale, William; Brunetto, Gustavo; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Kansas State Univ K State; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Dept Soil & Management; Fed Univ Ceara UFC
Genus Eucalyptus can be grown in different soils worldwide, although it is not always ready to fulfill plants' nutrient demands. Whenever such nutrient shortage happens, it is necessary applying the nutrients missing, which can be established based on the critical levels and sufficiency ranges (SRs) of nutrients in leaves or by multivariate mathematical models, such as the composition nutrient diagnosis (CND). This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, based on the CND method. A total of 119 12-month-old Eucalyptus saligna (E. saligna) plantations were sampled in the Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Southern Brazil. Nutrient concentration in leaves and the diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured. The E. saligna nutritional status was calculated through the CND method. High-and low-yield populations were set based on DBH of 4.2 cm. The SRs proposed by the CND method were narrower than the ones proposed by official recommendations for Eucalyptus, especially for magnesium (Mg), boron (B), and iron (Fe). The CND-r2 index recorded for each nutrient generated a limitation order for nutrients. The greater accuracy of the recommendations proposed by the CND method, compared with univariate and bivariate methods, contribute to reducing the use of fertilizers.
Prediction of Nitrogen Dosage in 'Alicante Bouschet' Vineyards with Machine Learning Models
(Mdpi, 2022-09-01) Brunetto, Gustavo; Stefanello, Lincon Oliveira; Souza Kulmann, Matheus Severo de; Tassinari, Adriele; Schneider de Souza, Rodrigo Otavio; Rozane, Danilo Eduardo [UNESP]; Tiecher, Tadeu Luis; Ceretta, Carlos Alberto; Avelar Ferreira, Paulo Ademar; Siqueira, Gustavo Nogara de; Parent, Leon Etienne; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Grande do Sul Fed Inst; Laval Univ
Vineyard soils normally do not provide the amount of nitrogen (N) necessary for red wine production. Traditionally, the N concentration in leaves guides the N fertilization of vineyards to reach high grape yields and chemical composition under the ceteris paribus assumption. Moreover, the carryover effects of nutrients and carbohydrates stored by perennials such as grapevines are neglected. Where a well-documented database is assembled, machine learning (ML) methods can account for key site-specific features and carryover effects, impacting the performance of grapevines. The aim of this study was to predict, using ML tools, N management from local features to reach high berry yield and quality in 'Alicante Bouschet' vineyards. The 5-year (2015-2019) fertilizer trial comprised six N doses (0-20-40-60-80-100 kg N ha(-1)) and three regimes of irrigation. Model features included N dosage, climatic indices, foliar N application, and stem diameter of the preceding season, all of which were indices of the carryover effects. Accuracy of ML models was the highest with a yield cutoff of 14 t ha(-1) and a total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 3900 mg L. Regression models were more accurate for total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), pH, TAC, and total phenolic content (TPC) in the marketable grape yield. The tissue N ranges differed between high marketable yield and TAC, indicating a trade-off about 24 g N kg(-1) in the diagnostic leaf. The N dosage predicted varied from 0 to 40 kg N ha(-1) depending on target variable, this was calculated from local features and carryover effects but excluded climatic indices. The dataset can increase in size and diversity with the collaboration of growers, which can help to cross over the numerous combinations of features found in vineyards. This research contributes to the rational use of N fertilizers, but with the guarantee that obtaining high productivity must be with adequate composition.
Controlled release, organic or organomineral fertilizers for areca palm production
(2022-01-01) Ferraz, Marcelo Vieira [UNESP]; de Godoy, Leandro José Grava [UNESP]; Stucchi, Giovana [UNESP]; Reis, Antonio Gabriel Pontes Dos [UNESP]; Pacheco, Marco Aurelio Amado [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The areca palm is an ornamental plant widely used in Brazil for decoration and landscaping. The proper use of fertilizers and balanced fertilization are among the main factors that promote the rapid development of these plants and affect their technical and economic aspects. Because of the need to elucidate areca palm nutrition, this study aimed to evaluate the use of mineral (conventional or controlled release), organic, or organomineral fertilizers in the production of areca palm in pots. The experiment was conducted for a year under a 70% shading screen using a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of different fertilizers: control: no fertilizer; mineral: 10-10-10; controlled release mineral: 14-14-14, mineral with 50% N and K release controls: 16-06-18, mineral: 13-05-13, organomineral: 16-06-09, and organic. The experiment consisted of measuring the vertical height of the plant and determining the Falker Chlorophyll Index (FCI) a and b. All fertilizers used in the experiment provided gains in growth and green color (Chlorophyll Index) in the areca palm grown in pots relative to the absence of fertilization. The three-month controlled-release fertilizer treatment produced the best results, positively impacting the areca palm production, both in terms of plant height and color, which are attributes that increase the product's commercial value.
Phytotoxic, cytogenotoxic, and insecticidal activities of compounds from extracts of freshwater Lyngbya sp
(2022-01-01) Silva, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da [UNESP]; Amâncio, Ilca Fabiane Nogueira [UNESP]; Andrade, Aníbal Reinaldo de [UNESP]; Marinho Dos Santos, Valter Henrique; Santiago, Patrícia Soares [UNESP]; Oliveira Granero, Filipe [UNESP]; Malaguti Figueiredo, Célia Cristina [UNESP]; Pereira Silva, Luciana; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Faculdade Pouso Alegre - Unis Group Pouso Alegre; Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis (FEMA)
The development of agroecology has promoted the discovery of new bioactive compounds that might act as biocides to control infections and microbial contamination. Algae belonging to Lyngbya genus produce several allelochemicals, which are compounds with crop protection potential. The present study aimed to examine primary and secondary compounds derived from Lyngbya sp. extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) on phytotoxic, cytogenotoxic, and insecticidal activities. Determination of compounds indicated the presence predominantly of proteins and flavonoids. The extracts presented physicochemical characteristics that produced (1) 89% germination inhibition using hydroethanolic extract and (2) diminished development of seedlings of L. sativa by hydroethanolic extract as evidenced by reduced radicles length in 83.54%. Aqueous and hydroethanolic Lyngbya sp. extracts significantly interfered with meristematic cells of A. cepa, as evidenced by chromosomal alterations and aberrant mitotic phases in cells. Extracts also exhibited pro-oxidative activity and a potent insecticidal potential on S. zeamais, indicating that the hydroethanolic extract produced 100% insect mortality at 75 mg/ml after 48 hr while the aqueous extract initiated 90% mortality at the same concentration after 82 hr. Therefore, data demonstrate that Lyngbya genus provides basic information for new environmental and ecotoxicological studies to seek a possible source of proteins and flavonoids to be used in agroecological management.
Genotype × environment interaction for the agronomic performance of high β-carotene sweetpotato
(2022-01-01) Otoboni, Maria Eduarda Facioli [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Darllan Junior Luiz Santos Ferreira [UNESP]; Pavan, Bruno Ettore [UNESP]; Andrade, Maria Isabel; Vargas, Pablo Forlan [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); International Potato Center
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important tuber vegetable for human health worldwide owing to its nutritional value and productivity. Consumption of orange-fleshed sweetpotato is beneficial to combat vitamin A deficiency in the world, including Brazil, as these tubers are rich in β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. The genotype × environment interaction is one of the greatest challenges in plant breeding, specifically in the selection and approval of cultivars. In this context, adaptability and stability analyses are warranted to evaluate the performance of various genotypes in terms of general or specific adaptations to certain environments and to identify genotypes responsive to environmental variations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction as well as to estimate the adaptability and stability of sweetpotato genotypes for identifying and selecting promising candidates for breeding. The experiments were performed in four environments: Vera Cruz in São Paulo, Selvíria in Mato Grosso do Sul, and one organic and another intercropped production system in Sete Barras in São Paulo. A randomized block design with two replicates was adopted. A total of 265 genotypes were tested, and the orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was used as the control. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model was used to study environmental stratification, adaptability, and stability. The genotype × environment interaction was evident in all environments. The genotypes CERAT21-13 (marketable root yield, 22.30 t ha-1 in the four environments), CERAT29-26 (27.74 t ha-1), and CERAT52-22 (20.24 t ha-1) were the most adapted in general to the four environments. CERAT25-23, CERAT29-23, and CERAT29-26 were the most adapted to the environment in Vera Cruz; CERAT29-26, CERAT34-14, and CERAT56-32 to the environment in Selvíria; and CERAT31-10, CERAT35-19, and CERAT52-22 to the two environments in Sete Barras.
A soil quality physical–chemical approach 30 years after land-use change from forest to banana plantation
(2022-07-01) da Silva, Reginaldo Barboza [UNESP]; Rosa, Jéssica Silva [UNESP]; Packer, Ana Paula; Bento, Camila Bolfarini; de Melo Silva, Francisca Alcivânia [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Bananas are a worldwide cultivated crop and one of the main agricultural activities in Brazil. The banana orchards cultivated in the region of São Paulo State are under native areas of the Atlantic Forest biome. The Atlantic Forest has suffered agricultural and urban pressure for many years. Banana crops require soil management and superficial vegetation removal in the first cycles. We conducted a study aiming to understand the impact of long-standing banana cultivation in the Atlantic forest region. Soil samples in banana plantations (EBP) and forest remnants (FR) were collected from trenches with 0- to 100-cm layers. The soil bulk density in EBP until 30-cm depth was 12.76% higher than that in FR. Quantifications of macropores and micropores in FR reached values higher than those in EBP. The results showed that carbon stocks decreased from the top to the deeper layers. Thirty years after the conversion, the FR treatment accumulated 28.23% more carbon than EBP. Considering our results, it was evident that changes in physical and chemical properties reflected the negative impacts of the banana plantations, cropped through conventional management, when converted from forest even in regard to a remnant one. These findings, showed for the first time, lead us to understand the soil management of banana plantations, following conventional agriculture systems, as a potential carbon stock reducer and a factor resulting in the loss of soil quality in the region. Additionally, our data can be used by environmentalists and government policymakers to promote environmental sustainability.

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