Estudo da lixiviação de herbicidas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar com plantas bioindicadoras
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Data
2012-03-29
Autores
Santana, Diogo Carneiro de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Normalmente, os estudos de lixiviação são comparados dentro de uma condição edafoclimática específica, desta maneira estudar o processo de lixiviação em condições reais de campo vem a ser a forma mais confiável de analisar o comportamento dos herbicidas no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o potencial de lixiviação dos herbicidas s-metolachlor, metribuzin, sulfentrazone e tebuthiuron em precipitações pluviométricas naturais, em dois solos com texturas contrastantes, argiloso (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo) e médio arenoso (Neossolos Litólicos), em condições de campo através de plantas bioindicadoras. As amostras foram coletadas em colunas de PVC com 30 cm de altura e 15 cm de diâmetro, introduzidas nos dois diferentes solos. As colunas foram retiradas cuidadosa mente escavando ao seu redor, mantendo a integridade original do solo durante a coleta das amostras que ocorreu após a aplicação dos herbicidas nas doses recomendadas para cada solo e posterior acúmulo das precipitações estipulada ao ambiente (30-40, 60-80 e 100-120 mm de chuva). As colunas foram separadas com corte longitudinal para a semeadura das espécies bioindicadoras de picão preto (Bidens pilosa), capim marmelada (Brachiaria plantaginea), pepino (Cucumis sativu), alface (Lactuca sativa) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), de maneira que pudessem emergir 25 plantas por espécie nas colunas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3 x 8 para cada tipo de solo. Os fatores referem-se aos três índices de precipitação acumulada (31, 62 e 114 mm para solo argiloso e 36, 65 e 116 mm para solo médio arenoso) e as 8 camadas de profundidade...
Typically, studies of leaching are compared within a specific climate and soil condition, thereby studying the leaching process in real field conditions has to be the most reliable way to analyze the behavior of herbicides in soil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the leaching potential of herbicides s-metolachlor, metribuzin, sulfentrazone and tebuthiuron on natural rainfall, in two soils with contrasting textures, clay (Oxisol) and medium sand (Entisols) under conditions field using bioindicators. Samples were collected in PVC columns with 30 cm high and 15 cm in diameter, introduced in two different soils. The columns were removed carefully mind digging around, keeping the original integrity of the soil during the sampling that occurred after the application of herbicides at recommended doses for each soil and subsequent accumulation of precipitation stipulated to the environment (30-40, 60 - 80 and 100-120 mm of rain). The columns were separated by longitudinal section for the sowing of bioindicators beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), grass (Brachiaria plantaginea), cucumber (Cucumis sativu), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), so that they could 25 plants per species emerging in the columns. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications in a factorial 3 x 8 for each soil type. The factors relate to the three indices of rainfall (31, 62 and 114 mm for clay soil and 36, 65 and 116 mm for average sandy soil) and eight layers of depth profile analysis on each floor (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30 cm). After sowing, to evaluate plant bioindicators in columns adopted the scale... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Typically, studies of leaching are compared within a specific climate and soil condition, thereby studying the leaching process in real field conditions has to be the most reliable way to analyze the behavior of herbicides in soil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the leaching potential of herbicides s-metolachlor, metribuzin, sulfentrazone and tebuthiuron on natural rainfall, in two soils with contrasting textures, clay (Oxisol) and medium sand (Entisols) under conditions field using bioindicators. Samples were collected in PVC columns with 30 cm high and 15 cm in diameter, introduced in two different soils. The columns were removed carefully mind digging around, keeping the original integrity of the soil during the sampling that occurred after the application of herbicides at recommended doses for each soil and subsequent accumulation of precipitation stipulated to the environment (30-40, 60 - 80 and 100-120 mm of rain). The columns were separated by longitudinal section for the sowing of bioindicators beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), grass (Brachiaria plantaginea), cucumber (Cucumis sativu), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), so that they could 25 plants per species emerging in the columns. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications in a factorial 3 x 8 for each soil type. The factors relate to the three indices of rainfall (31, 62 and 114 mm for clay soil and 36, 65 and 116 mm for average sandy soil) and eight layers of depth profile analysis on each floor (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30 cm). After sowing, to evaluate plant bioindicators in columns adopted the scale... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lixiviação, Cana de açúcar - Cultivo, Herbicidas, Cana-de-açúcar - Doenças e pragas, Herbicides, Sugarcane
Como citar
SANTANA, Diogo Carneiro de. Estudo da lixiviação de herbicidas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar com plantas bioindicadoras. 2012. v, 127 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.