Crescimento e avaliação nutricional de leguminosas arbóreas potenciais para ecossistemas agroflorestais num solo de cerrado
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Data
1997-06-03
Autores
Bertalot, Maria José Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o objetivo de avaliar a competição de quatro leguminosas arbóreas fixadoras de nitrogênio, sendo três exóticas (Leucaena leucocephala [Lam.] de Wit, Leucaena diversifolia (Schlecht.) Bentham e Acacia melanoxylon R. Brown) e uma nativa (Mimosa scabrella Bentham), foi instalado um experimento em um latossolo vermelho amarelo, distrófico, de textura média, derivado de arenito do Grupo Bauru, na Região de Botucatu-SP. O experimento seguiu um delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados, contendo quatro tratamentos (espécies) e quatro repetições. Estabeleceu-se um sistema de 16 parcelas de 10 X 7,5 m cada uma (75 m2), constituída de 20 plantas, com espaçamento de plantio de 2,5 X 2,5 m. Os parâmetros avaliados foram altura, diâmetro do caule, teor de clorofila nas folhas, produção de serapilheira, produção de sementes, produção de matéria seca, concentração e quantidade de nutrientes. Além disso, foram realizadas análises químicas de amostras do solo e foi calculado o Índice de Eficiência de Utilização de Nutrientes. Aos 24 meses, a Acacia melanoxylon e a Leucaena diversifolia foram as espécies que alcançaram as maiores alturas (5,25 e 4,97 m, respectivamente), seguidas por M. scabrella (4,42 m) e L. leucocephala (1,72 m). A A. melanoxylon e a M. scabrella apresentaram os maiores diâmetros a 20 cm da base (7,12 e 7,00 cm, respectivamente). A L. leucocephala não se desenvolveu bem, refletindo sua falta de adaptabilidade às condições locais. Em relação ao teor de clorofila nas folhas, a A. melanoxylon apresentou os maiores valores em todas as ocasiões. Até os 24 meses, os resultados das análises químicas do solo indicaram que as espécies estudadas não alteraram nenhum dos parâmetros do solo avaliados. A formação de vagens de L. leucocephala iniciou-se aos sete meses após o plantio, sendo a espécie mais precoce entre as estudadas, seguida...
To evaluate the performance of four nitrogen fixing tree species, being three of them exotic (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Leucaena diversifolia (Schlecht.) Bentham, Acacia melanoxylon R. Brown) and one indigenous species (Mimosa scabrella Bentham), a trial was undertaken during two years in a red yellow oxisol following a randomized block experimental design with four treatments (species) and four replications. The seedlings were planted at 2.5 X 2.5 m apart, giving 20 plants per plot. Survival, height, diameter at 20 cm and diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf chlorophyll content, seed, litter and dry matter production as well as nutrients concentration were evaluated. Chemical analyses of soil samples were carried out and the Nutrients Utilization Efficiency Index was estimated. All the species tried had high survival rate and two of them had closed canopy at the age of two years, A. melanoxylon and L. diversifolia, being both of them the fastest growing species, reaching 5.25 and 4.97 m, respectively, followed by M. scabrella (4.42 m) and L. leucocephala (1,72 m). A. melanoxylon and M. scabrella had the greatest 20 cm-height stem diameters, 7.12 and 7.00 cm, respectively. L. leucocephala had an insatisfactory development and showed a lack of adaptability to local conditions. The highest chlorophyll levels were registered in A. melanoxylon. At the age of two years the chemical analyses did not show any influence of the tree species on the soil properties. L. leucocephala pod formation began seven months after plantation of the seedlings, suggesting this fact that it is a precocious species. In the remaining species the order of pod formation was L. diversifolia, M. scabrella and A. melanoxylon. M. scabrella had the highest litter production (460 kg/ha), followed by A. melanoxylon (235.20 kg/ha) and L. diversifolia (138 kg/ha), while L. leucocephala had no litter production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
To evaluate the performance of four nitrogen fixing tree species, being three of them exotic (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Leucaena diversifolia (Schlecht.) Bentham, Acacia melanoxylon R. Brown) and one indigenous species (Mimosa scabrella Bentham), a trial was undertaken during two years in a red yellow oxisol following a randomized block experimental design with four treatments (species) and four replications. The seedlings were planted at 2.5 X 2.5 m apart, giving 20 plants per plot. Survival, height, diameter at 20 cm and diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf chlorophyll content, seed, litter and dry matter production as well as nutrients concentration were evaluated. Chemical analyses of soil samples were carried out and the Nutrients Utilization Efficiency Index was estimated. All the species tried had high survival rate and two of them had closed canopy at the age of two years, A. melanoxylon and L. diversifolia, being both of them the fastest growing species, reaching 5.25 and 4.97 m, respectively, followed by M. scabrella (4.42 m) and L. leucocephala (1,72 m). A. melanoxylon and M. scabrella had the greatest 20 cm-height stem diameters, 7.12 and 7.00 cm, respectively. L. leucocephala had an insatisfactory development and showed a lack of adaptability to local conditions. The highest chlorophyll levels were registered in A. melanoxylon. At the age of two years the chemical analyses did not show any influence of the tree species on the soil properties. L. leucocephala pod formation began seven months after plantation of the seedlings, suggesting this fact that it is a precocious species. In the remaining species the order of pod formation was L. diversifolia, M. scabrella and A. melanoxylon. M. scabrella had the highest litter production (460 kg/ha), followed by A. melanoxylon (235.20 kg/ha) and L. diversifolia (138 kg/ha), while L. leucocephala had no litter production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Leguminosa - Crescimento - Nutrição, Leguminosa - Ecossistema, Solos - Fertilidade - Leguminosa
Como citar
BERTALOT, Maria José Alves. Crescimento e avaliação nutricional de leguminosas arbóreas potenciais para ecossistemas agroflorestais num solo de cerrado. 1997. 63 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 1997.