Análise de integridade de sinal e crosstalk em placa de circuito impresso
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Data
2013-01-25
Autores
Santos, Elaine [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A alta confiabilidade e velocidade de operação (altas frequências de clock) são elementos essenciais para equipamentos eletrônicos. Com o incremento da velocidade de operação dos circuitos em placas de circuitos impressos (PCI), o comprimento de onda torna-se comparável ao comprimento das interconexões. Isso implica que a análise dos circuitos seja feita em termos de linha de transmissão. A partir desse fato, efeitos indesejáveis como a falha na integridade do sinal (IS) podem ocorrer como, por exemplo, o ruído crosstalk. Este problema de integridade de sinal pode trazer sérios danos ao funcionamento de uma placa de circuito impresso. É importante que tal falha seja solucionada na fase inicial do projeto, uma vez que a correção do mesmo se torna mais simples e menos custosa. Com efeito, alguns artifícios computacionais foram utilizados para tentar medir problemas de integridade de sinal do tipo crosstalk, visto que, sem tais ferramentas seriam necessários cálculos avançados que causariam lentidão no processo. Este trabalho mostra as análises e os resultados obtidos na simulação do ruído crosstalk. Os resultados estão baseados em três estudos de casos, levando em consideração os estágios de desenvolvimento da placa (inicial ou final) e também da complexidade da PCI em estudo. O primeiro estudo compara duas PCI’s com densidades de componentes diferentes. Posteriormente foi estudada a integridade de sinais de duas linhas impressas, microstrip e stripline. Por fim foi feita uma análise de uma PCI utilizada em uma central telefônica verificando a medida do ruído crosstalk na placa
The high reliability and operating speed (high clock frequencies) are essential elements for electronic equipment. With the increase in the speed of operation of the circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB), the wavelength becomes comparable to the length of interconnections. This implies in the circuit analysis being then made in terms of transmission line. From this fact, undesirable effects such as failure to signal integrity (SI) may occur, for example, the crosstalk noise. This problem of signal integrity can bring serious harm to the functioning of a printed circuit board. It is important that such failure is remediated in the initial phase of the project, since the correction becomes even simpler and less costly. In fact, some computational tricks were used to try to measure integrity issues of crosstalk-type signal, because without such tools, advanced calculations, which would cause delays in the process, would be needed. This work shows the analyses and results obtained during the tests using crosstalk noise simulation. The results are based on three case studies, taking into account the stages of development of the plate (initial or final) and also the complexity of PCI in study. The first study compares two PCBs with densities of different components. Later was studied the integrity of signals of two kinds of printed lines, microstrip and stripline. Finally an analysis was made of a PCI used in a central office verifying the extent of crosstalk noise on the board
The high reliability and operating speed (high clock frequencies) are essential elements for electronic equipment. With the increase in the speed of operation of the circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB), the wavelength becomes comparable to the length of interconnections. This implies in the circuit analysis being then made in terms of transmission line. From this fact, undesirable effects such as failure to signal integrity (SI) may occur, for example, the crosstalk noise. This problem of signal integrity can bring serious harm to the functioning of a printed circuit board. It is important that such failure is remediated in the initial phase of the project, since the correction becomes even simpler and less costly. In fact, some computational tricks were used to try to measure integrity issues of crosstalk-type signal, because without such tools, advanced calculations, which would cause delays in the process, would be needed. This work shows the analyses and results obtained during the tests using crosstalk noise simulation. The results are based on three case studies, taking into account the stages of development of the plate (initial or final) and also the complexity of PCI in study. The first study compares two PCBs with densities of different components. Later was studied the integrity of signals of two kinds of printed lines, microstrip and stripline. Finally an analysis was made of a PCI used in a central office verifying the extent of crosstalk noise on the board
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Integridade de sinal (Eletrônica), Diafonia, Campos magneticos, Redes de computadores, Signal integrity (Eletronics)
Como citar
SANTOS, Elaine. Análise de integridade de sinal e crosstalk em placa de circuito impresso. 2013. 101 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2013.