Otimização do problema de carregamento de container usando uma metaheurística eficiente
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Data
2007-02-22
Autores
Vendramini, Eliane [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No âmbito de pesquisa operacional o problema de carregamento de container é conhecido por determinar uma configuração de carga que procure otimizar o que será carregado em um container, levando em consideração o máximo de volume ocupado pela carga. Este problema tem diversas variantes para casos específicos. Existem casos onde a carga é homogênea ou heterogênea, onde a carga pode ser rotacionada em todas as suas dimensões, onde um lucro é associado a cada caixa carregada, entre outras variantes, onde a questão não é a carga e sim o container. A classificação do problema está diretamente ligada a suas restrições. O estudo de carregamento de container aqui no Brasil começou ser realizado com mais ênfase há pouco tempo, por ter despertado interesses financeiros em empresas públicas e privadas, já que o transporte utilizando containers é oneroso e cobrado por container alugado e não pela quantidade de itens que serão carregados. Por isso a vantagem de aproveitar o volume do container ao máximo. Na literatura podem ser encontradas diversas propostas de solução para cada variante do problema, sendo estas propostas determinísticas ou utilizando heurísticas e metaheurísticas. O estudo realizado para a apresentação desta dissertação descreve de maneira ampla as heurísticas que estão sendo empregadas na resolução do problema estudado, bem como propõe uma nova heurística especializada. O trabalho aqui apresentado traz ainda uma metaheurística especializada, o algoritmo genético Chu-Beasley. Portanto, foram desenvolvidos dois algoritmos: um heurístico e um metaheurístico. Estes algoritmos simularam o carregamento de um container com caixas retangulares e de diferentes tamanhos, sendo no final comparados os...
In the ambit of the operational research the container loading problem is known by optimized the load that it will be carried in a container, taking in consideration the maximum of volume occupied by the load. This problem has several variants for specific cases. Cases exist where the load is homogeneous or heterogeneous, where the load can be rotated in whole its dimensions, where a profit associated to each loaded box exists, among other variants, where the subject is not the load, but the container. The classification of the problem is directly tied up to its restrictions. The study of the container loading problem here in Brazil it began to be accomplished with more emphasis at little time, for having wakened up financial interests in public and private companies, since the transport using containers is onerous and collected by rented container and not for the amount of items that you will be loaded. That the advantage of taking advantage of the volume of the container to the maximum. In the literature it can be found several proposed of solution for each variant of the problem. Being these proposed deterministics or using heuristics and metaheuristics. The study accomplished for the presentation of this dissertation brings in a wide way the heuristics that you are being used in the resolution of the problem, as well as it proposes a new heuristic specialized for the resolution of the container loading problem. The work here presented he still brings a metaheuristic specialized for the resolution of the problem, the Chu-Beasley genetic algorithm. Therefore, two algorithms were developed: a heuristic and a metaheuristic. These algorithms simulated the shipment of a container with rectangular boxes and of different sizes, being in the compared end... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
In the ambit of the operational research the container loading problem is known by optimized the load that it will be carried in a container, taking in consideration the maximum of volume occupied by the load. This problem has several variants for specific cases. Cases exist where the load is homogeneous or heterogeneous, where the load can be rotated in whole its dimensions, where a profit associated to each loaded box exists, among other variants, where the subject is not the load, but the container. The classification of the problem is directly tied up to its restrictions. The study of the container loading problem here in Brazil it began to be accomplished with more emphasis at little time, for having wakened up financial interests in public and private companies, since the transport using containers is onerous and collected by rented container and not for the amount of items that you will be loaded. That the advantage of taking advantage of the volume of the container to the maximum. In the literature it can be found several proposed of solution for each variant of the problem. Being these proposed deterministics or using heuristics and metaheuristics. The study accomplished for the presentation of this dissertation brings in a wide way the heuristics that you are being used in the resolution of the problem, as well as it proposes a new heuristic specialized for the resolution of the container loading problem. The work here presented he still brings a metaheuristic specialized for the resolution of the problem, the Chu-Beasley genetic algorithm. Therefore, two algorithms were developed: a heuristic and a metaheuristic. These algorithms simulated the shipment of a container with rectangular boxes and of different sizes, being in the compared end... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Otimização combinatoria, Sistemas de unitização de cargas, Cargas - Manuseio, Programação heuristica, Algoritmos genéticos, Container loading problem, Heuristics, Genetic algorithm
Como citar
VENDRAMINI, Eliane. Otimização do problema de carregamento de container usando uma metaheurística eficiente. 2007. 103 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2007.