Efeitos da experiência no andar na organização da passada durante a ultrapassagem sobre obstáculos em bebês
Data
2004-03
Autores
Bortolaia, Ana Paula [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a organização das passadas do andar, em bebês com diferentes experiências no andar, durante a ultrapassagem de um obstáculo. Trinta bebês foram distribuídos de acordo com o tempo de aquisição do andar independente em 3 grupos: 1, 3 e 6 meses de experiência no andar. A tarefa consistiu em caminhar sobre uma passarela em 2 condições experimentais: sem e com um obstáculo de espuma com 2 cm de altura e 3 cm de largura. Marcas foram afixadas nos centros articulares dos membros inferiores dos bebês e o andar foi filmado no plano sagital para ambos os lados, simultaneamente. Três ciclos para o andar normal, três para a perna de abordagem e três para a perna de suporte foram digitalizados utilizando o sistema APAS. Com base nas informações espaciais e temporais, comprimento, duração, cadência, velocidade, duração das fases de suporte e de balanço e fase relativa entre os membros foram calculadas. Ainda, as distâncias horizontal e vertical entre pé e obstáculo foram calculadas para as pernas de abordagem e de suporte. Os resultados indicaram que os bebês do grupo 1 mostraram passadas mais curtas e mais lentas do que os bebês dos grupos 2 e 3. Ainda, bebês do grupo 1 mostraram fase de suporte maior do que bebês do grupo 2. Quando os bebês tiveram que ultrapassar o obstáculo, mostraram passadas mais curtas e mais lentas do que na situação sem obstáculo. Ainda, bebês dos grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram cadência menor durante a passada com obstáculo e fase de suporte e fase de suporte simples menores no momento da ultrapassagem e fase de segundo duplo suporte maior após a ultrapassagem do obstáculo para a perna de abordagem. Também diminuíram a porcentagem da fase relativa referente a coordenação intermembros para a perna de abordagem e mostraram pequenas alterações no padrão coordenativo...
The purpose of this study was to examine the step walking organization during obstacle avoidance in infants with different walking experience. Thirty infants were distributed into trree groups according with their independent walking experience: one, three and six months of walking experience. The task consisted of walking in a runway in two experimental conditions: without and with a foam obstacle with 2 cm high and 3 cm wide. Markers were placed on the joint centers in both infants' lower extremity and walking performances were videotaped in the sagittal plane for both sides, simultaneously. Three cycles for normal walking, three for supportive leg and three for approaching leg were digitized using the APAS system. Based on the espacial and temporal information, stride length, duration, cadence, velocity, duration of support and swing phases and relative phase between limb were calculated. The horizontal and vertical distances between foot and obstacle were also calculated for both supportive and approaching legs. The results indicated that the infants of group 1 walked with shorter stride length and slower velocity than the infants of group 2 and 3.The first group showed support phase greater than the second group. When infants had to step over the obstacle, they walked with shorter stride and slower velocity than when they did not have to step over the obstacle. Furthermore, the infants from group 2 and 3 showed lower cadence than infants from group 1 when stepping over the obstacle and smaller support and single support phases during stepping over the obstacle and second double support phase greater after stepping over the obstacle for the approaching leg. Also, the phase relative percentage regarding interlimb coordination for approaching limb was smaller and few variations in coordination pattern between the shank and thigh segments for approaching... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
The purpose of this study was to examine the step walking organization during obstacle avoidance in infants with different walking experience. Thirty infants were distributed into trree groups according with their independent walking experience: one, three and six months of walking experience. The task consisted of walking in a runway in two experimental conditions: without and with a foam obstacle with 2 cm high and 3 cm wide. Markers were placed on the joint centers in both infants' lower extremity and walking performances were videotaped in the sagittal plane for both sides, simultaneously. Three cycles for normal walking, three for supportive leg and three for approaching leg were digitized using the APAS system. Based on the espacial and temporal information, stride length, duration, cadence, velocity, duration of support and swing phases and relative phase between limb were calculated. The horizontal and vertical distances between foot and obstacle were also calculated for both supportive and approaching legs. The results indicated that the infants of group 1 walked with shorter stride length and slower velocity than the infants of group 2 and 3.The first group showed support phase greater than the second group. When infants had to step over the obstacle, they walked with shorter stride and slower velocity than when they did not have to step over the obstacle. Furthermore, the infants from group 2 and 3 showed lower cadence than infants from group 1 when stepping over the obstacle and smaller support and single support phases during stepping over the obstacle and second double support phase greater after stepping over the obstacle for the approaching leg. Also, the phase relative percentage regarding interlimb coordination for approaching limb was smaller and few variations in coordination pattern between the shank and thigh segments for approaching... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Capacidade motora, Locomoção humana, Crianças, Locomotion, Infants
Como citar
BORTOLAIA, Ana Paula. Efeitos da experiência no andar na organização da passada durante a ultrapassagem sobre obstáculos em bebês. 2004. xii, 94 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2004.