Avaliação da toxicidade e caracterização de hidrocarbonetos presentes em águas de rios que recebem efluente de indústria petroquímica
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2013-04-29
Autores
Silva, Maria Tereza Pamplona [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A industrialização apresenta inúmeros benefícios, mas também está associada à emissão constante de substâncias tóxicas no meio ambiente. As atividades industriais lançam diversos produtos químicos que contaminam os vários meios físicos como o solo, o ar e a água. A indústria de refino de petróleo representa um importante setor da economia, mas, em contra partida, produz efluentes que podem ser ricos em metais pesados e outros compostos inorgânicos perigosos, além de uma infinidade de substâncias orgânicas com potencialidade de interagir com os organismos vivos. Dentre os contaminantes orgânicos derivados do petróleo, os mais importantes são os Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPA). Os HPAs são reconhecidamente estrogênicos, ou seja, possuem potenciais de ação no sistema endócrino. Dentre os efeitos causados pelas substâncias com ação semelhante à endócrina estão a diminuição da capacidade reprodutiva, inversão sexual, problemas no desenvolvimento embrionário e câncer. Devido a estes fatores, tem havido um incentivo ao desenvolvimento e aplicação de novas técnicas que possam avaliar, de maneira eficiente, os contaminantes ambientais, decorrentes das atividades humanas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a genotoxicidade, mutagenicidade de amostras de águas dos rios Jaquari, Atibaia e Piracicaba, que estão em uma região sob a influência da atividade da refinaria de Paulínia – SP. Para a avaliação das águas destes rios (realizadas com os extratos obtidos por extração de fase sólida - EFS), foram aplicadas técnicas desenvolvidas células de hepatoma humano (HepG2) mantidas em cultura. Foram desenvolvidos com este sistema teste o ensaio do cometa e o teste de micronúcleo. As análises químicas realizadas por HPLC indicaram a presença de naftaleno nas amostras...
Industrialization presents countless benefits, but is also associated to the constant emission of toxic substances into the environment. Industrial activities release several chemical products that contaminate the several physical media such as soil, air and water. Petroleum refinery industry represents an important sector of the economy, however, in counterpart, produces effluents that can be rich in heavy metals and other hazardous inorganic compounds, besides infinitude of organic substances with the potential to interact with living organisms. Among the organic contaminants derived from petroleum, the most important are the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PHA). PHAs are known to be estrogenic, i.e., have the potential to act in the endocrine systems. Among the effects caused by endocrine substances are the decrease in the reproductive capacity, sex inversion, problems in the embryonic development and cancer. Due to these factors, there has been an incentive to the development and application of new techniques that can evaluate, efficiently, the environmental components resulted from human activities. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water samples from Jaguari, Atibaia and Piracicaba rivers, which are in a region under the influence of the activity of a refinery of Paulínia – SP. For the evaluation of the waters of these rivers (performed with extracts obtained by solid phase extractions – SPE), it was applied techniques with human hepatoma cells (HepG2) maintained in culture. The comet assay and micronucleus test were developed with this test system. The chemical analyses showed the presence of naphthalene in the water samples of these rivers, as well as other compounds capable of inducing damages, even when at low concentrations. It was also possible... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Industrialization presents countless benefits, but is also associated to the constant emission of toxic substances into the environment. Industrial activities release several chemical products that contaminate the several physical media such as soil, air and water. Petroleum refinery industry represents an important sector of the economy, however, in counterpart, produces effluents that can be rich in heavy metals and other hazardous inorganic compounds, besides infinitude of organic substances with the potential to interact with living organisms. Among the organic contaminants derived from petroleum, the most important are the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PHA). PHAs are known to be estrogenic, i.e., have the potential to act in the endocrine systems. Among the effects caused by endocrine substances are the decrease in the reproductive capacity, sex inversion, problems in the embryonic development and cancer. Due to these factors, there has been an incentive to the development and application of new techniques that can evaluate, efficiently, the environmental components resulted from human activities. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water samples from Jaguari, Atibaia and Piracicaba rivers, which are in a region under the influence of the activity of a refinery of Paulínia – SP. For the evaluation of the waters of these rivers (performed with extracts obtained by solid phase extractions – SPE), it was applied techniques with human hepatoma cells (HepG2) maintained in culture. The comet assay and micronucleus test were developed with this test system. The chemical analyses showed the presence of naphthalene in the water samples of these rivers, as well as other compounds capable of inducing damages, even when at low concentrations. It was also possible... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aquatic ecology, Toxicologia genética, Ensaio cometa, Ecologia aquatica, Hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos, Toxicologia ambiental, Indústria petrolífera - Subprodutos, Testes de mutagenicidade, Petróleo - Refinarias - Paulinia (SP)
Como citar
SILVA, Maria Tereza Pamplona. Avaliação da toxicidade e caracterização de hidrocarbonetos presentes em águas de rios que recebem efluente de indústria petroquímica. 2013. 115 f. Dissertação - (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2013.