Alterações histológicas no intestino de fêmeas de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) expostas a diferentes concentrações de selamectina
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Data
2012-02-23
Autores
Araujo, Andrea Mendez [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo avaliou o potencial tóxico da selamectina (principio ativo do antiparasitário Revolution®, Pfizer) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus, por meio da elaboração de um protocolo em que a CL50 do composto foi determinada (CL50 = 452.221ppm). Além disso, analisou-se por meio de técnicas histológicas os efeitos das concentrações de 50% e 80% do produto comercial sobre o intestino de fêmeas de R. sanguineus com 48 horas de alimentação, fixadas em coelhos New Zealand White nos quais aplicou-se topicamente o produto. Os resultados demonstraram que a selamectina provocou a estratificação e posterior desorganização do epitélio intestinal, alterando a morfofisiologia das células generativas e digestivas dos carrapatos, induzindo-as à morte. No grupo exposto a 50% as células generativas apresentaram atividade mitótica acelerada em função da necessidade da reposição celular como resposta à agressão do produto. Ao contrário, nos indivíduos expostos a 80% os processos de divisão celular não foram observados. Nas células digestivas, no entanto, verificou-se citoplasma contendo granulações escuras, possivelmente resultantes do processo de oxidação que ocorreu no lúmen do intestino. A taxa de desprendimento das células em direção ao lúmen do intestino foi maior no grupo exposto a 80%, provavelmente para retirar o composto químico do sistema do carrapato. O comprometimento das células generativas (morte celular) afetou a reposição celular do epitélio (formação de novas células digestivas), prejudicando a digestão do sangue, o que pode afetar tanto o processo de alimentação como o desenvolvimento do carrapato. Além disso, este estudo mostrou que concentrações menores que aquelas indicadas pelo fabricante já foram suficientes para provocar alterações celulares que inviabilizaram a alimentação dos carrapatos
This study has evaluated the toxicity potential of selamectin (active principle of the antiparasitic Revolution®, Pfizer) in engorged female ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, by elaborating a protocol to determinate the LC50 of this compound, which was 452,221 ppm. Moreover, the effects of 50% and 80% of selamectin concentration on intestine of females were analyzed by histological techniques. The ticks were removed from their hosts (New Zealand White rabbits) which the product was applied topically after 48 hours of feeding. The results have demonstrated that selamectin caused stratification and subsequent disruption in the intestinal epithelium, changing the morphophysiology of generative and digestive cells, inducing them to death. In the group treated with 50% the generative cells showed accelerated mitotic activity due to the need of cell replacement in response to the product aggression. Instead, individuals in the group treated with 80% the process of cell division were not observed. In the digestive cells of this group, there were dark granules in cytoplasm, which probably occurred due to an oxidation process in the intestine lumen. The detachment of the cells into the lumen was higher in the group treated with 50%, probably to remove the chemical from the tick organism. The damage that occurred in the generative cells (cell death) affected the epithelial cell replacement (new digestive cells formation), which impaired the blood digestion, the feeding process as well the tick development. Furthermore, this study has showed that lower concentrations than the indicated by the manufacturer were enough to cause cellular changes which made the tick feeding process unfeasible
This study has evaluated the toxicity potential of selamectin (active principle of the antiparasitic Revolution®, Pfizer) in engorged female ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, by elaborating a protocol to determinate the LC50 of this compound, which was 452,221 ppm. Moreover, the effects of 50% and 80% of selamectin concentration on intestine of females were analyzed by histological techniques. The ticks were removed from their hosts (New Zealand White rabbits) which the product was applied topically after 48 hours of feeding. The results have demonstrated that selamectin caused stratification and subsequent disruption in the intestinal epithelium, changing the morphophysiology of generative and digestive cells, inducing them to death. In the group treated with 50% the generative cells showed accelerated mitotic activity due to the need of cell replacement in response to the product aggression. Instead, individuals in the group treated with 80% the process of cell division were not observed. In the digestive cells of this group, there were dark granules in cytoplasm, which probably occurred due to an oxidation process in the intestine lumen. The detachment of the cells into the lumen was higher in the group treated with 50%, probably to remove the chemical from the tick organism. The damage that occurred in the generative cells (cell death) affected the epithelial cell replacement (new digestive cells formation), which impaired the blood digestion, the feeding process as well the tick development. Furthermore, this study has showed that lower concentrations than the indicated by the manufacturer were enough to cause cellular changes which made the tick feeding process unfeasible
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Ácaro, Antiparasitarios, Toxicologia, Carrapato, Histologia, Histoquimica
Como citar
ARAUJO, Andrea Mendez. Alterações histológicas no intestino de fêmeas de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) expostas a diferentes concentrações de selamectina. 2012. 70 f. Dissertação - (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2012.