Comunidades bacterianas em solos de mata nativa e cultivados com cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2012-12-20
Autores
Macedo, Helena Suleiman de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudos sobre comunidades bacterianas associadas às culturas agrícolas são fundamentais no entendimento de como os microrganismos presentes nos solos podem influenciar no ambiente. Além disso, o conhecimento sobre a importância dos microrganismos na reciclagem dos elementos químicos do solo e sua influência sobre a emissão de gases do efeito estufa, como o dióxido de carbono (CO2), e alterações climáticas globais. Neste estudo foi comparada a população bacteriana em solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar sob os sistemas de manejo cana crua (CC) e cana queimada (CQ) e solo sob mata nativa (MN), com as emissões de CO2 e características físico-químicas (pH, M.O e classe textural) de cada área. As populações microbianas dos solos foram analisadas pelas técnicas moleculares T-RFLP (“Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism”) e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. Observou-se que as comunidades bacterianas foram influenciadas pelas mudanças no uso da terra e nos tipos de sistemas de manejo adotados. As áreas estudadas apresentaram comunidades bacterianas distintas, sendo os filos Acidobacteria e Proteobacteria os grupos que foram mais abundantes em todas as amostras. Bactérias pertencentes aos filos Cyanobacteria e Nitrospira foram encontradas exclusivamente nas áreas CQ, por outro lado bactérias do filo Bacterioidetes aparecem apenas nas áreas de manejo mecanizado CC. Por fim, os resultados das duas técnicas sugerem que os solos sob o cultivo com cana-de-açúcar mostraram uma maior diversidade e riqueza, quando comparados com a MN
Studies on bacterial communities associated with agriculture are fundamental in understanding how microorganisms in soil can influence the environment. Furthermore, knowledge about the importance of microorganisms in the recycling of chemical elements in soil and its effect on the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and global climate change. This study compared bacterial populations in soils cultivated with sugarcane in the management systems (CC) and burnt cane (CQ) and native forest (MN), with CO2 emissions and physico-chemical (pH, organic matter and textural class) in each area. The soil microbial populations were analyzed by T-RFLP molecular techniques (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and sequencing of 16S rRNA. It was observed that bacterial communities were influenced by changes in land use and the types of soil management. The areas studied showed distinct bacterial communities, being the phyla Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria groups that were most abundant in all samples. Bacteria Cyanobacteria belonging to the phyla and Nitrospira were found exclusively in the areas CQ, on the other bacteria of the phylum Bacterioidetes appear only in the areas of mechanized handling CC. Finally, the results of the two techniques suggests that soils under cultivation with sugarcane showed greater diversity and richness compared to MN
Studies on bacterial communities associated with agriculture are fundamental in understanding how microorganisms in soil can influence the environment. Furthermore, knowledge about the importance of microorganisms in the recycling of chemical elements in soil and its effect on the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and global climate change. This study compared bacterial populations in soils cultivated with sugarcane in the management systems (CC) and burnt cane (CQ) and native forest (MN), with CO2 emissions and physico-chemical (pH, organic matter and textural class) in each area. The soil microbial populations were analyzed by T-RFLP molecular techniques (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and sequencing of 16S rRNA. It was observed that bacterial communities were influenced by changes in land use and the types of soil management. The areas studied showed distinct bacterial communities, being the phyla Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria groups that were most abundant in all samples. Bacteria Cyanobacteria belonging to the phyla and Nitrospira were found exclusively in the areas CQ, on the other bacteria of the phylum Bacterioidetes appear only in the areas of mechanized handling CC. Finally, the results of the two techniques suggests that soils under cultivation with sugarcane showed greater diversity and richness compared to MN
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cana-de-açúcar, Solos - Analise, Ecologia do solo, Ecologia microbiana, Bactérias, Genes, Sugarcane
Como citar
MACEDO, Helena Suleiman de. Comunidades bacterianas em solos de mata nativa e cultivados com cana-de-açúcar. 2012. vii, 77 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2012.