Manejo da adubação nitrogenada e utilização do nitrogênio (15N) pelo milho sob plantio direto com diferentes plantas de entressafra
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Data
2011-07-28
Autores
Coutinho Neto, André Mendes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aproveitamento do N pelo milho cultivado em sistema de plantio direto (SPD) é dependente da qualidade dos resíduos da cultura antecessora, que por sua vez podem promover diferenças na eficiência da adubação nitrogenada em função da época em que esta é realizada. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar as estratégias de aplicação do N e das plantas de entressafra na eficiência de utilização do N, no aproveitamento pelo milho do N das plantas de entressafra, previamente marcadas com 15N e na produção de milho cultivado em um solo argiloso, sob SPD (18 anos). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em parcelas subdivididas com cinco tratamentos principais (estratégias de aplicação de N), dois tratamentos secundários (culturas de entressafra) e seis repetições dispostas em blocos casualizados. As estratégias de adubação (dose: 150 kg ha-1 de N - uréia) foram: 0 - 0 - 0; 20 - 80 - 50; 50 - 80 - 20; 150 - 0 - 0 e 0 - 80 - 70, sendo o primeiro número correspondente à dose de N (kg ha-1) aplicada em présemeadura e o segundo e terceiro números corresponderam às doses aplicadas quando as plantas de milho estavam nos estádios V4 e V8. As culturas de entressafra foram o milho e a soja. A aplicação de N aumentou a produtividade de grãos de milho, sendo esse efeito mais pronunciado quando a cultura de entressafra era a soja. Em termos de produção de grãos, as estratégias de aplicação de N foram equivalentes. O aproveitamento pelo milho, do N das plantas de entressafra, foi baixo, sendo que a maior parte desse nutriente permaneceu no solo. A maior eficiência de utilização do fertilizante nitrogenado pelo milho foi observada quando a dose total de N foi aplicada em pré-semeadura. O N não recuperado da uréia no sistema solo-planta foi, em média, de 46%
The utilization of N by maize grown on a no-tillage system (NT) depends on the quality of the residue of the crop winter, which may cause differences on the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency due to the time in which it is performed. Thus, this study aimed the evaluation of N application strategies and winter crops on N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE), and the maize utilization of N from soybean and maize, both with 15N labeled, and the grain yield of maize grown in a clayey soil (Typic Acrustox), under NTS (18 years). The experimental design was a split-plot, with six replications in randomized complete blocks, where the main plot was the N application strategies and the split-plots was the winter crops (soybean and maize). The N application strategies (rate: 150 kg ha-1 of N - urea) were: (0 - 0 - 0), (20 - 80 -50), (50 - 80 - 20), (150 - 0 - 0) and (0 - 80 - 70), where the first number corresponds to the N rate applied on preplanting and the second and third ones correspond to the rate applied on top dressing when the plant presented, respectively, 4-leaf stage and 8- leaf stage. The N application increased the productivity of maize grains; these effects were more expressive when the crop winter was soybean. With regard to the grain production, the N application strategies were equivalent, inexistent significant differences among them. The N utilization by maize of the crop winter was low, and great part of such nutrient remained in the soil. The greatest Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency (NFUE) by maize was verified when the total N rate was applied on preplanting (NFUE = 38%). Regardless the N application strategy and the winter crop, the non recovered N (NRN) from the applied urea on the soil-plant system, was on average of 46% (69 kg ha-1 of N)
The utilization of N by maize grown on a no-tillage system (NT) depends on the quality of the residue of the crop winter, which may cause differences on the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency due to the time in which it is performed. Thus, this study aimed the evaluation of N application strategies and winter crops on N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE), and the maize utilization of N from soybean and maize, both with 15N labeled, and the grain yield of maize grown in a clayey soil (Typic Acrustox), under NTS (18 years). The experimental design was a split-plot, with six replications in randomized complete blocks, where the main plot was the N application strategies and the split-plots was the winter crops (soybean and maize). The N application strategies (rate: 150 kg ha-1 of N - urea) were: (0 - 0 - 0), (20 - 80 -50), (50 - 80 - 20), (150 - 0 - 0) and (0 - 80 - 70), where the first number corresponds to the N rate applied on preplanting and the second and third ones correspond to the rate applied on top dressing when the plant presented, respectively, 4-leaf stage and 8- leaf stage. The N application increased the productivity of maize grains; these effects were more expressive when the crop winter was soybean. With regard to the grain production, the N application strategies were equivalent, inexistent significant differences among them. The N utilization by maize of the crop winter was low, and great part of such nutrient remained in the soil. The greatest Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency (NFUE) by maize was verified when the total N rate was applied on preplanting (NFUE = 38%). Regardless the N application strategy and the winter crop, the non recovered N (NRN) from the applied urea on the soil-plant system, was on average of 46% (69 kg ha-1 of N)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho, Fertilizantes nitrogenados, Adubo verde, green manure, Zea mays
Como citar
COUTINHO NETO, André Mendes. Manejo da adubação nitrogenada e utilização do nitrogênio (15N) pelo milho sob plantio direto com diferentes plantas de entressafra. 2011. x, 52 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2011.