Atributos químicos e biológicos de solos sob diferentes ecossistemas e adicionados de material vegetal de soja
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Data
2010-02-26
Autores
Tavares, Rose Luiza Moraes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mineralização da matéria orgânica do solo pode ser compreendida como o processo de degradação de compostos orgânicos por resíduos de culturas e outros materiais orgânicos adicionados no solo. O efeito da mineralização em diferentes ecossistemas e tipos de solos é uma oportunidade para avaliar mudanças nas variáveis microbiológicas e químicas do solo. Nesse trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da mineralização da matéria orgânica do solo em duas situações: experimento: (1) em diferentes ecossistemas e (2) - em dois solos adicionados de folha e caule de soja. Experimento 1- O objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar a mineralização da matéria orgânica nos ecossistemas de floresta natural, pastagem e cultura anual na atividade microbiana do solo. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas áreas de floresta, pastagem e cultura anual (milho), nas profundidades de 0 –10, 10 – 20 e 20 – 40 cm. O carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), atividade respiratória microbiana (ARM) e o potencial de nitrificação (PN) foram determinados. Carbono orgânico total (COT), carbono solúvel (CS), ácido húmico (AH) e fúlvico (AF) e a taxa de humificação (TH) e grau de humificação (GH) também foram determinados. O modelo estatístico usado foi o de parcelas subdvididas (fator 1: ecossistemas e fator 2: profundidade) com quatro repetições. No inverno, os teores de COT e CS foram maiores no solo de floresta que no de pastagem e cultura anual de acordo com a ordem: floresta>pastagem>cultura anual e no verão prevaleceu floresta=pastagem>cultura anual. Os teores de AH e AF variaram no inverno e verão de acordo com a ordem floresta>pastagem=cultura anual. O CBM no inverno não foi influenciado pelos ecossistemas e no verão apenas o ecossistema com cultura anual apresentou menor teor de CBM. A ARM foi maior no solo sob pastagem que em solo de floresta e cultura anual, porém...
Soil organic matter mineralization can be understood as a process of degradation of organic compounds from crop residues and other organic material added into the soil. The effect of mineralization in different ecosystems and soil types is an opportunity to assess changes in microbiological and chemical variables of soil. The effect of soil organic matter mineralization was evaluated in two experiments: (1) in different ecosystems; and (2) - in two soils added with leaves and stems of soybean. Experiment 1 – the objective of this study was to quantify the mineralization of organic matter from different ecosystems including natural forest, pasture and annual crop on soil microbial activity. Soil samples were collected from areas of forest, pasture and maize, at depths of 0 -10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 40 cm. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents and the activities of microbial respiratory (MRA), potential nitrification (PN) were determined. Total organic carbon (TOC), dissoLVefd carbon (CS), humic acid (HA) and fulvic (FA) contents and humification rate (TH) and degree of humification (GH) were also determined. The statistical model used was a split plot (factor 1: ecosystem and factor 2: depth) with four replicates. In winter, the TOC and CS contents were higher in the forest soil than in the pasture and annual crop soil and decreased in the following order: forest> pasture> annual crop. in the summer, the relationship was the following: forest =pasture> annual crop. The HA and FA contents varied in winter and summer in the order forest>grassland=annual crop. The CBM content was not influenced by ecosystems in winter and in summer the lowest CBM amount was showed in annual crop. ARM was higher in pasture soil than in forest soil and annual crop, however, the NP was highest in forest soil. The chemical and biological attributes decreased with soil depth, except the rate and degree... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Soil organic matter mineralization can be understood as a process of degradation of organic compounds from crop residues and other organic material added into the soil. The effect of mineralization in different ecosystems and soil types is an opportunity to assess changes in microbiological and chemical variables of soil. The effect of soil organic matter mineralization was evaluated in two experiments: (1) in different ecosystems; and (2) - in two soils added with leaves and stems of soybean. Experiment 1 – the objective of this study was to quantify the mineralization of organic matter from different ecosystems including natural forest, pasture and annual crop on soil microbial activity. Soil samples were collected from areas of forest, pasture and maize, at depths of 0 -10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 40 cm. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents and the activities of microbial respiratory (MRA), potential nitrification (PN) were determined. Total organic carbon (TOC), dissoLVefd carbon (CS), humic acid (HA) and fulvic (FA) contents and humification rate (TH) and degree of humification (GH) were also determined. The statistical model used was a split plot (factor 1: ecosystem and factor 2: depth) with four replicates. In winter, the TOC and CS contents were higher in the forest soil than in the pasture and annual crop soil and decreased in the following order: forest> pasture> annual crop. in the summer, the relationship was the following: forest =pasture> annual crop. The HA and FA contents varied in winter and summer in the order forest>grassland=annual crop. The CBM content was not influenced by ecosystems in winter and in summer the lowest CBM amount was showed in annual crop. ARM was higher in pasture soil than in forest soil and annual crop, however, the NP was highest in forest soil. The chemical and biological attributes decreased with soil depth, except the rate and degree... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ecossistemas, Resíduo de soja, Ecosystems, Humification, Enzymatic activity, Microrganisms, Soybean residue, Basal respiration
Como citar
TAVARES, Rose Luiza Moraes. Atributos químicos e biológicos de solos sob diferentes ecossistemas e adicionados de material vegetal de soja. 2010. ix, 115 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.