Atributos químicos do solo, estado nutricional e produtividade de soja, milho e arroz após culturas de inverno em semeadura direta
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Data
2007-07-31
Autores
Marcelo, Adolfo Valente [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A rotação de culturas em sistema de semeadura direta (SSD) promove vários benefícios ao sistema, pois os resíduos das culturas, ao se decomporem, podem alterar os atributos químicos do solo e, como conseqüência, influenciarem a cultura em sucessão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de culturas de inverno nos atributos químicos do solo, no estado nutricional e na produtividade das culturas de soja, milho e arroz, cultivadas no verão em SSD. O experimento foi realizado no município de Jaboticabal, SP, em Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com três repetições no esquema em faixas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de quatro seqüências de culturas de verão (monoculturas de milho e de soja e as rotações soja/milho e arroz/feijão/algodão) com sete culturas de inverno (milho, girassol, nabo forrageiro, milheto, guandu, sorgo e crotalária). Após o manejo das culturas de inverno e antes da semeadura das culturas de verão do ano agrícola 2006/2007, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-2,5; 2,5-5,0; 5-10; 10-20 e 20-30 cm. Nas amostras de solo, foram determinados: matéria orgânica (MO), pH, P (resina), K, Ca, Mg, H+Al e calculados CTC e V. Nas culturas de verão, coletaram-se amostras foliares para a determinação das concentrações foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. A produtividade das culturas de verão foi avaliada. Foram observados no solo, maiores teores de P após nabo forrageiro e crotalária e menores teores de MO após milho, girassol e guandu no inverno. O SSD apresentou gradientes de fertilidade ao longo do perfil para todos os atributos químicos avaliados...
The crop rotation practice in no-tillage system promotes lots of benefits to the system. The crop residues can change the soil chemical attributes, consequentially influencing the performance of following crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of winter crops on the soil chemical attributes, nutritional state and yield summer crops (soybean, corn and rice) in no-tillage system. A field experiment has been carried out on a eutrophic Red Oxisol at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. A completely randomized block design with three replications was used, in strips. The treatments were the combination of four summer crops sequences (corn and soybean monocultures, rotation soybean/corn and rotation rice/bean/cotton) with seven winter crops (corn, sunflower, oilseed radish, millet, pigeon pea, sorghum and sunn hemp). After the winter crops management and before the summer crops sowing at the crop season 2006/2007, the soil was sampled at 0-2.5, 2.5-5.0, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depths. Organic matter, pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, H+Al were determined, and cation capacity exchange and bases saturation values were calculated in each soil samples. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn uptake were determined in summer crops. Also, the summer crops yield was obtained. In the soil, the oilseed radish and sunn hemp provide the highest P contents and corn, sunflower and pigeon pea provide the lowest organic matter contents. The no-tillage system showed gradient of fertility in the soil profile. The soybean (rotation soybean/corn) showed lower S uptake after corn and sorghum. The soybean (monoculture) showed higher N, P and S uptake after oilseed radish and sunn hemp. In the corn, Zn uptake were lower after oilseed radish. The oilseed radish and sunn hemp provides the highest soybean yield. In the corn, the highest yields were observed after oilseed radish, millet and pigeon pea. The sorghum provides suppressor effect on the rice yield.
The crop rotation practice in no-tillage system promotes lots of benefits to the system. The crop residues can change the soil chemical attributes, consequentially influencing the performance of following crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of winter crops on the soil chemical attributes, nutritional state and yield summer crops (soybean, corn and rice) in no-tillage system. A field experiment has been carried out on a eutrophic Red Oxisol at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. A completely randomized block design with three replications was used, in strips. The treatments were the combination of four summer crops sequences (corn and soybean monocultures, rotation soybean/corn and rotation rice/bean/cotton) with seven winter crops (corn, sunflower, oilseed radish, millet, pigeon pea, sorghum and sunn hemp). After the winter crops management and before the summer crops sowing at the crop season 2006/2007, the soil was sampled at 0-2.5, 2.5-5.0, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depths. Organic matter, pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, H+Al were determined, and cation capacity exchange and bases saturation values were calculated in each soil samples. The N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn uptake were determined in summer crops. Also, the summer crops yield was obtained. In the soil, the oilseed radish and sunn hemp provide the highest P contents and corn, sunflower and pigeon pea provide the lowest organic matter contents. The no-tillage system showed gradient of fertility in the soil profile. The soybean (rotation soybean/corn) showed lower S uptake after corn and sorghum. The soybean (monoculture) showed higher N, P and S uptake after oilseed radish and sunn hemp. In the corn, Zn uptake were lower after oilseed radish. The oilseed radish and sunn hemp provides the highest soybean yield. In the corn, the highest yields were observed after oilseed radish, millet and pigeon pea. The sorghum provides suppressor effect on the rice yield.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rotação de cultivos, Cultivos de cobertura, Solos - Fertilidade, Plantio direto, Analise foliar, Crop rotation, Cover crops, Soil fertility, Plant analysis
Como citar
MARCELO, Adolfo Valente. Atributos químicos do solo, estado nutricional e produtividade de soja, milho e arroz após culturas de inverno em semeadura direta. 2007. xiv, 60 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.