Modos de aplicação de zinco em milho e sorgo cultivados em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico
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Data
2011-02-04
Autores
Puga, Aline Peregrina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos tropicais, em geral, apresentam baixa concentração de zinco e a deficiência deste micronutriente é reconhecida como problema nutricional mundial para a produção dos cereais. A adubação das culturas com zinco pode ser realizada pela aplicação no solo, foliar e nas sementes. Contudo, ainda existe discussão sobre a melhor forma de fornecimento deste nutriente aos cereais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar modos de aplicação de zinco na nutrição e na produção das culturas de milho e sorgo em condições de campo. Para isso, foram instalados dois experimentos, na área experimental da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil. Foram utilizados nove tratamentos, constituídos por três doses de Zn em aplicação localizada no solo (sulco de semeadura) e incorporado (camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade), aplicação foliar, aplicação em sementes e testemunha (sem aplicação de Zn), dispostos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de crescimento e o estado nutricional das culturas. Na colheita, foram realizadas avaliações dos componentes de produtividade e feita à análise química do solo. Foram determinados os teores de carboidratos e de proteína nos grãos de milho e sorgo. A aplicação de zinco, independentemente do modo, promoveu maior teor deste micronutriente no solo e maior acúmulo na parte aérea das plantas e refletiu nos grãos de milho e de sorgo. A aplicação do zinco no solo proporcionou maior absorção de zinco e produtividade da cultura do milho, comparado com aplicação do micronutriente na planta via semente ou foliar. No solo, a forma incorporada, na dose de zinco de 6 kg ha-1, destacou-se da forma localizada. A aplicação de zinco no solo incrementou a produção de matéria seca de folhas, o teor e acúmulo de Zn das plantas de sorgo, entretanto, não afetou a produtividade...
The tropical soils present in general low zinc content and its deficiency in plants is recognized as a nutritional problem to produce cereals. The zinc fertilization can be done by soil, foliar, and by seed methods. However, there is still a discussion about the better way to provide to plants this nutrient. This way the study aimed evaluate zinc fertilization methods at corn and sorghum production, under field conditions. To this, two experiments were carried out at Experimental Area of FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Campus, Brazil. There were nine treatments, being three Zn doses in the soil (by row and at planting) and incorporated (0-20cm lay), foliar spraying, seed application, and control (without Zn). The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. It was evaluated the growing variables and the nutritional state of the cultures. During harvest the productivity components were evaluated as well the chemical soil fertility analysis. Also, the corn and sorghum seed protein and carbohydrates levels were determined. The zinc use, indifferently its way, promoted its higher amount in the soil and higher uptake by plants, reflecting in the corn and sorghum grains. Zinc applied in the soil provided higher zinc uptake and productivity to corn culture when compared to its use via seed or foliar. The zinc incorporated in the soil (6 kg ha-1) highlighted from the localized one. The zinc added in the soil increased the leaves dry matter and the amount and accumulated Zn in the sorghum plants, although it did not affect the productivity. The Zn incorporation in the soil promoted higher amount of carbohydrates, starch, and protein in corn and sorghum grains
The tropical soils present in general low zinc content and its deficiency in plants is recognized as a nutritional problem to produce cereals. The zinc fertilization can be done by soil, foliar, and by seed methods. However, there is still a discussion about the better way to provide to plants this nutrient. This way the study aimed evaluate zinc fertilization methods at corn and sorghum production, under field conditions. To this, two experiments were carried out at Experimental Area of FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP Campus, Brazil. There were nine treatments, being three Zn doses in the soil (by row and at planting) and incorporated (0-20cm lay), foliar spraying, seed application, and control (without Zn). The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. It was evaluated the growing variables and the nutritional state of the cultures. During harvest the productivity components were evaluated as well the chemical soil fertility analysis. Also, the corn and sorghum seed protein and carbohydrates levels were determined. The zinc use, indifferently its way, promoted its higher amount in the soil and higher uptake by plants, reflecting in the corn and sorghum grains. Zinc applied in the soil provided higher zinc uptake and productivity to corn culture when compared to its use via seed or foliar. The zinc incorporated in the soil (6 kg ha-1) highlighted from the localized one. The zinc added in the soil increased the leaves dry matter and the amount and accumulated Zn in the sorghum plants, although it did not affect the productivity. The Zn incorporation in the soil promoted higher amount of carbohydrates, starch, and protein in corn and sorghum grains
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas - Nutrição, Cereais, Elementos traços na nutrição, Milho, Sorgo, Cereals, Micronutrients, Nutrition, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays
Como citar
PUGA, Aline Peregrina. Modos de aplicação de zinco em milho e sorgo cultivados em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. 2011. iii, 101 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2011.