Qualidade microbiológica e ocorrência de leveduras em polpas congeladas de frutas
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Data
2006-02-10
Autores
Fázio, Maria Luiza Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As frutas são constituintes importantes da dieta humana devido aos seus valores nutritivos e por satisfazerem os hábitos alimentares de grande parte dos consumidores. A polpa é o produto obtido por esmagamento das partes comestíveis de frutas carnosas por meio de processos tecnológicos adequados. As frutas com atividade de água (Aa) maior que 0,98 são muito susceptíveis à deterioração por bactérias, bolores ou leveduras. O desenvolvimento e o metabolismo microbiano exigem a presença de água numa forma disponível e a Aa é um índice desta disponibilidade. As polpas de frutas apresentam como características gerais: elevada Aa, potencial de óxido-redução positivo e baixo pH. Destes fatores a elevada acidez restringe a microbiota deterioradora, que se limita principalmente a bactérias lácticas e acéticas, bolores e leveduras; sendo que os dois últimos constituem os mais importantes agentes de deterioração de polpas e sucos de frutas. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de 62 amostras de polpas congeladas de frutas comercializadas na região de São José do Rio Preto - SP. Os resultados obtidos para coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella spp revelaram que todas as amostras (100%) encontravam-se em conformidade com o padrão federal em vigor, sendo consideradas, portanto, produtos em condições sanitárias satisfatórias. Foram ainda isoladas 136 leveduras, as quais foram submetidas, para identificação, aos testes taxonômicos (morfológicos, fisiológicos e de assimilação de fontes de carbono). Os resultados destes testes mostraram a ocorrência de 57 (41,90%) culturas classificadas como Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 24 (17,65%) Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryi, 13 (9,55%) Dekkera bruxellensis, 13 (9,55%) Torulaspora delbrueckii, 6 (4,40%) Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, 4 (2,94%) Rhodotorula glutinis, 4 (2,94%) Trichosporon beigelii...
The fruits are important constituents of the human diet due to their nutritional values and because they satisfy the food habits of large number of the consumers. The fruit pulp is obtained by crushing the edible parts of fruits by right technological process. Fruits that have water activity (aw) over 0.98 are susceptible to deterioration by bacteria, molds and yeasts. The development and the microbial metabolism require the presence of water in an available way and aw is an indicator of this availability. Fruit pulps have the general characteristics: high aw, positive oxide - reduction potential and low pH. Of these factors the high acidity limits the decay agents, mainly to acetic and lactic bacteria, molds and yeasts; but molds and yeasts are the most important deterioration agents in fruit pulps and juices. In this study was evaluated the microbiological quality of 62 samples of fruit frozen pulps commercialized in the region of São José do Rio Preto - SP. The results obtained for fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp revealed that all samples (100%) were in accordance with the current federal standard, being considered therefore products in satisfactory sanitary conditions. One hundred and thirty six yeasts were isolated from the samples, which were submitted, for identification, to taxonomic tests (morphological, physiological and to carbon sources assimilation). The results of the taxonomic tests showed the occurrence of 57 (41.90%) cultures classified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 24 (17.65%) Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryi, 13 (9.55%) Dekkera bruxellensis, 13 (9.55%) Torulaspora delbrueckii, 6 (4.40%) Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, 4 (2.94%) Rhodotorula glutinis, 4 (2.94%) Trichosporon beigelii, 2 (1.47%) Hanseniaspora vineae, 2 (1.47%) Sporidiobolus johnsonii, 2 (1.47%) Candida apis, 1 (0.74%) Cryptococcus albidus, 1 (0.74%) Debaryomyces hansenii... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The fruits are important constituents of the human diet due to their nutritional values and because they satisfy the food habits of large number of the consumers. The fruit pulp is obtained by crushing the edible parts of fruits by right technological process. Fruits that have water activity (aw) over 0.98 are susceptible to deterioration by bacteria, molds and yeasts. The development and the microbial metabolism require the presence of water in an available way and aw is an indicator of this availability. Fruit pulps have the general characteristics: high aw, positive oxide - reduction potential and low pH. Of these factors the high acidity limits the decay agents, mainly to acetic and lactic bacteria, molds and yeasts; but molds and yeasts are the most important deterioration agents in fruit pulps and juices. In this study was evaluated the microbiological quality of 62 samples of fruit frozen pulps commercialized in the region of São José do Rio Preto - SP. The results obtained for fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp revealed that all samples (100%) were in accordance with the current federal standard, being considered therefore products in satisfactory sanitary conditions. One hundred and thirty six yeasts were isolated from the samples, which were submitted, for identification, to taxonomic tests (morphological, physiological and to carbon sources assimilation). The results of the taxonomic tests showed the occurrence of 57 (41.90%) cultures classified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 24 (17.65%) Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryi, 13 (9.55%) Dekkera bruxellensis, 13 (9.55%) Torulaspora delbrueckii, 6 (4.40%) Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, 4 (2.94%) Rhodotorula glutinis, 4 (2.94%) Trichosporon beigelii, 2 (1.47%) Hanseniaspora vineae, 2 (1.47%) Sporidiobolus johnsonii, 2 (1.47%) Candida apis, 1 (0.74%) Cryptococcus albidus, 1 (0.74%) Debaryomyces hansenii... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alimentos congelados - Microbiologia, Polpa de frutas - Microbiologia, Levedos, Leveduras - Efeito de conservantes, Polpa congelada de frutas, Fruit pulps - Microbiological quality
Como citar
FÁZIO, Maria Luiza Silva. Qualidade microbiológica e ocorrência de leveduras em polpas congeladas de frutas. 2006. 132 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2006.