Efeito da extrusão termoplástica na retenção de aroma e na estrutura de extrusados de grits de milho aromatizado
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Data
2013-02-26
Autores
Menis, Michele Eliza Cortazzo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aroma é a característica sensorial do alimento mais afetada em processamentos que utilizam altas temperaturas, como é o caso da extrusão termoplástica, na qual grande parte dos compostos voláteis é perdida juntamente com o vapor durante a expansão do material. Várias são as condições de extrusão que afetam a retenção e a perda de compostos voláteis, podendo essas condições sereminvestigadas por meio da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta, pois estapermite o estudodo efeito de variáveis independentes sobre as variáveis dependentes (respostas). Este estudo tem o objetivo de investigar o efeito das condições de extrusão na retenção de aroma e na estrutura de extrusados de grits de milho aromatizado.O grits de milho foi aromatizado com ácido butírico, isovaleraldeído e butirato de etila e foi extrusado em uma extrusora de rosca única, utilizando um delineamento composto central rotacional no qual as variáveis independentes foram umidade do grits de milho (base seca), temperatura de extrusão e velocidade de rotação da rosca. As variáveis respostas do delineamento foram: tempo de residência de extrusão, razão de expansão, densidade, fraturabilidade, retenção de cada composto volátil, retenção total dos compostos, intensidade do aroma, aceitação do aroma por escala hedônica e aceitação da intensidade do aroma pela escala do ideal. O aumento da temperatura de extrusão de 150 até 184 °Caumentou a razão de expansão dos extrusados e diminuiu a densidade e a fraturabilidade dos mesmos. O aumento da umidade da matéria-prima de 10% até 20% aumentou a retenção do butirato de etila, mas não afetou significativamente a retenção do isovaleraldeído, do ácido butírico e a retenção total dos compostos.A aceitação do aroma por escala hedônica foi...
The flavor is the most affected sensory characteristic of the food during processes using high temperatures, as the thermoplastic extrusion, in which many of the volatile components are lost along with the steam during expansion of the material. There are several extrusion conditions that affect retention and loss of volatile compounds, these conditions can be investigated by Response Surface Methodology, because it allows the study of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables (responses). This study aims to investigate the effect of extrusion conditions on the retention of the flavor and structure of extrudates flavored corn grits. The corn grits were flavored with butyric acid, ethyl butyrate and isovaleraldehyde and was extruded in a single screw extruder, using a central composite rotational design in which the independent variables were moisture corn grits (dry basis), extrusion temperature and screw speed. The responses variables of the design were: residence time of extrusion, expansion ratio, density, brittleness, retention of each volatile compound, total retention of the compounds, intensity of flavor, flavor acceptance by hedonic scale for and flavor acceptance by just-about-right (JAR) scale. The increase in extrusion temperature from 150 to 184 °C increased the expansion ratio of extrudated and decreased the density and brittleness of both. Increasing the moisture of the raw material from 10% to 20% increased retention of ethyl butyrate, but did not significantly affect the retention of isovaleraldehyde and total retention of the compounds. The flavor acceptance by hedonic scale was influenced by the moisture of the raw materials and the interaction of extrusion temperature on the screw speed, while flavor acceptance by JAR scale was influenced by the moisture of the raw material and the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The flavor is the most affected sensory characteristic of the food during processes using high temperatures, as the thermoplastic extrusion, in which many of the volatile components are lost along with the steam during expansion of the material. There are several extrusion conditions that affect retention and loss of volatile compounds, these conditions can be investigated by Response Surface Methodology, because it allows the study of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables (responses). This study aims to investigate the effect of extrusion conditions on the retention of the flavor and structure of extrudates flavored corn grits. The corn grits were flavored with butyric acid, ethyl butyrate and isovaleraldehyde and was extruded in a single screw extruder, using a central composite rotational design in which the independent variables were moisture corn grits (dry basis), extrusion temperature and screw speed. The responses variables of the design were: residence time of extrusion, expansion ratio, density, brittleness, retention of each volatile compound, total retention of the compounds, intensity of flavor, flavor acceptance by hedonic scale for and flavor acceptance by just-about-right (JAR) scale. The increase in extrusion temperature from 150 to 184 °C increased the expansion ratio of extrudated and decreased the density and brittleness of both. Increasing the moisture of the raw material from 10% to 20% increased retention of ethyl butyrate, but did not significantly affect the retention of isovaleraldehyde and total retention of the compounds. The flavor acceptance by hedonic scale was influenced by the moisture of the raw materials and the interaction of extrusion temperature on the screw speed, while flavor acceptance by JAR scale was influenced by the moisture of the raw material and the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tecnologia de alimentos, Avaliação sensorial, Alimentos - Avaliação sensorial, Milho como alimento - Processamento, Processo de extrusão, Food technology
Como citar
MENIS, Michele Eliza Cortazzo. Efeito da extrusão termoplástica na retenção de aroma e na estrutura de extrusados de grits de milho aromatizado. 2013. 73 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2013.