A reestruturação das instituições de controle das empresas estatais chinesas (1978-2003)
Carregando...
Data
2012-02-29
Autores
Pedrozo, Gustavo Erler [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A economia chinesa passou por grande transformação ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, desde a fundação da República Popular da China em 1949 até a implantação das reformas a partir de 1978. Durante o período maoísta os chineses foram capazes de estabelecer grande estrutura industrial, sobretudo, no setor da indústria pesada. No entanto, o sistema de planificação centralizado apresentou alguns problemas relativos ao desenvolvimento dos setores leve e de bens de consumo. Representada pela figura de Deng Xiaoping, certa parcela do Partido Comunista optou por empreender um processo gradual de “Reforma e Abertura” da economia, em que o mercado passaria a alocar recursos em detrimento do planejamento, embora o papel do Estado ainda tivesse grande centralidade na condução de políticas específicas aliadas ao mecanismo de mercado. Dada a característica de propriedade pública dos meios de produção do período anterior, as empresas estatais consistiram no maior desafio das reformas pós-1978. Levada adiante em duas etapas, essa reforma transformou significativamente o panorama do setor estatal, reduzindo-o, ao passo que novas formas de propriedade surgiam. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se analisar esse processo de transição por meio de uma revisão histórica das mudanças nas instituições de relação empresa-Estado. Por um lado pode-se dizer que, apesar da relativa diminuição da participação das empresas estatais na economia chinesa e de uma desvinculação da administração cotidiana do Estado nessas empresas, o objetivo foi torná-las importante mecanismo de planejamento dentro do novo paradigma de desenvolvimento chinês, denominado pelos seus líderes: socialismo de mercado com características chinesas. Por outro lado, há a perspectiva de que, embora de maneira gradual, essas empresas caminhem...
The Chinese economy has undergone major transformation over the second half of the twentieth century, from the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 until the implementation of reforms since 1978. During the Maoist period the Chinese were able to establish large industrial structure, especially in the heavy industry sector. However, the central planning system showed some problems concerning the development of light industries and consumer goods. Represented by the figure of Deng Xiaoping, a certain portion of the Communist Party chose to undertake a gradual process of Reform and Opening up of the economy, as the market would allocate resources to the detriment of planning, although the role of the state still had greater centrality in conducting specific policies combined with the market mechanism. Given the characteristic of public ownership of means of production in the previous period, SOEs comprised the biggest challenge of the post-1978 reforms. Carried on in two stages, this reform significantly transformed the landscape of the state sector, reducing it, while new forms of ownership arose. In this study we sought to study this process of transition through a historical review of changes in the institutions of the business to the state. On the one hand we can say that, despite the relative decrease in the share of SOEs in the Chinese economy and a detachment of the daily management of the State in these companies, the goal was to make them important planning mechanism within the new paradigm of Chinese development called by their leaders: market socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the other hand, there is the prospect that, although gradually, these companies move towards a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The Chinese economy has undergone major transformation over the second half of the twentieth century, from the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 until the implementation of reforms since 1978. During the Maoist period the Chinese were able to establish large industrial structure, especially in the heavy industry sector. However, the central planning system showed some problems concerning the development of light industries and consumer goods. Represented by the figure of Deng Xiaoping, a certain portion of the Communist Party chose to undertake a gradual process of Reform and Opening up of the economy, as the market would allocate resources to the detriment of planning, although the role of the state still had greater centrality in conducting specific policies combined with the market mechanism. Given the characteristic of public ownership of means of production in the previous period, SOEs comprised the biggest challenge of the post-1978 reforms. Carried on in two stages, this reform significantly transformed the landscape of the state sector, reducing it, while new forms of ownership arose. In this study we sought to study this process of transition through a historical review of changes in the institutions of the business to the state. On the one hand we can say that, despite the relative decrease in the share of SOEs in the Chinese economy and a detachment of the daily management of the State in these companies, the goal was to make them important planning mechanism within the new paradigm of Chinese development called by their leaders: market socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the other hand, there is the prospect that, although gradually, these companies move towards a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Capitalismo, Socialismo, China
Como citar
PEDROZO, Gustavo Erler. A reestruturação das instituições de controle das empresas estatais chinesas (1978-2003). 2012. 164 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências de Marília, 2012.